The debate about death: an imperishable discussion?

Bacigalupo, Felix; Huerta, D. Hernández; Montefusco‐Siegmund, Rodrigo

doi:10.4067/s0716-97602007000500014

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Our findings indicate that the membranes of the classic apoptotic cells were intact, and death with ‘dignity’ was used to prevent the leakage of excitatory amino acids, proteolytic enzymes, DNA and oxidized lipids in a proinflammatory response (Bacigalupo et al. ). Therefore, chondroptosis occurred as a variation of apoptosis that had already been observed, but the researchers failed to detect it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

An ultrastructural study of chondroptosis: programmed cell death in degenerative intervertebral discs in vivo

et al. 2017

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Apoptosis has been regarded to mediate intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD); however, the basic question of how the apoptotic bodies are cleared in the avascular intervertebral disc without phagocytes, which are essential to apoptosis, remains to be elucidated. Our goals were to investigate the ultrastructure of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells undergoing chondroptosis, a variant of apoptotic cell death, in a rabbit annular needle-puncture model of IDD. Experimental IDD was induced by puncturing discs with a 16-G needle in New Zealand rabbits. At 4 and 12 weeks after puncture, progressive degeneration was demonstrated by X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging and histological staining. TUNEL staining suggested a significant increase in the apoptosis index in the degenerated NP. However, the percentage of apoptotic cells with the classic ultrastructure morphology was much less than that with chondroptotic ultrastructure morphology under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The chondroptotic cells from the early to late stage were visualized under TEM. In addition, the percentage of chondroptotic cells was significantly enhanced in the degenerated NP. Furthermore, 'paralyzed' cells were found in the herniated tissue. Western blotting revealed an increase in caspase3 expression in the degenerated NP. The expression of the Golgi protein (58K) was increased by the fourth week after puncture but decreased later. These findings indicate that chondroptosis is a major type of programmed cell death in the degenerated rabbit NP that may be related to the progressive development of IDD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

An ultrastructural study of chondroptosis: programmed cell death in degenerative intervertebral discs in vivo

et al. 2017

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“…The precise history of defining BD and death determination dates back centuries and is beyond the scope of the current review. Our historical starting point begins in the 1950s with the innovations such as mechanical ventilation, and the practice of transplantation thereby altering the relationship between organ failure and death 1 - 3 (Figure 2 ). The climate of the BD controversy necessitated the publication of the landmark document, Report of the Ad Hoc Committee of the Harvard Medical School to produce a brain-based definition of death, 4 followed in 1976 by the Conference of Medical Royal Colleges, 13 which defined brainstem death.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scholars who view BD as a manifestation of biological approach appear on the left of Table 2, [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] whereas those in disagreement appear on the right. 2,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] Another domain of controversy is whether current whole-brain concepts of death should be favored 1,31,32,35,44,45 over some version of a circulatory or higher brain concept. 39,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52] The basis of BD definitions continues to be questioned by some as being unscientific, or illogical, and contrived to facilitate organ donation.…”

Section: Controversies Around Brain Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the 1950s, advances in technology within critical care medicine, particularly mechanical ventilation and circulatory resuscitation, and innovations in organ transplantation together altered the relationship between organ failure and death. [1][2][3] By supporting, repairing, or replacing organ function, these technologies eliminated the necessity of the traditional "vital signs": respiratory, cardiac, and neurological function in sustaining life. For example, mechanical ventilation replaced respiration and supported heart function to prevent cardiac arrest, which interrupted the way death occurred.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Healthcare Professionals’ Understandings of the Definition and Determination of Death: A Scoping Review

Zheng

Sutherland

Hornby

et al. 2022

Transplantation Direct

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Background. During the 1950s, advances in critical care, and organ transplantation altered the relationship between organ failure and death. There has since been a shift away from traditional cardiocirculatory based to brain-based criteria of death, with resulting academic controversy, despite the practice being largely accepted worldwide. Our objective is to develop a comprehensive description of the current understandings of healthcare professionals regarding the meaning, definition, and determination of death. Methods. Online databases were used to identify papers published from 2003 to 2020. Additional sources were searched for conference proceedings and theses. Two reviewers screened papers using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Complementary searches and review of reference lists complemented the final study selection. A data extraction instrument was developed to iteratively chart the results of the review. A qualitative approach was conducted to thematically analyze the data. Results. Seven thousand four hundred twenty-eight references were identified. In total, 75 papers met the inclusion criteria. Fourteen additional papers were added from complementary searches. Most were narratives (35%), quantitative investigations (21%), and reviews (18%). Identified themes included: (1) the historical evolution of brain death (BD), (2) persistent controversies about BD and death determination, (3) wide variability in healthcare professionals’ knowledge and attitudes, (4) critical need for BD determination revision. Conclusions. We concluded that although BD is widely accepted, there exists variation in healthcare providers’ understanding of its conceptual basis. Death determination remains a divisive issue among scholars. This review identified a need for increased opportunities for formal training on BD among healthcare providers.

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“…The first defines death as the cessation of the functioning of the organism as a whole. 23 The second defines death as the ''loss of that which is considered to be essentially significant to the nature of man''. 24 Under the second definition of death, consciousness is the essential characteristic of human beings.…”

Section: Recommendations Regarding Law and Policy On Eligibility For mentioning

confidence: 99%

L’admissibilité au don d’organe: définir et déterminer le décès – une perspective médico-légale

Downie

Kutcher

Rajotte

et al. 2009

Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth

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The legal deficiencies regarding the definition and determination of death in Canada may place health care providers at risk of civil or criminal liability, discourage potential organ donation, and frustrate the wishes of some individuals to donate their organs. The definition and criteria for the determination of death should be clearly set out in legislation. In addition, the current use of non-heart-beating donor protocols in Canada will remain inconsistent with Canadian law until more persuasive evidence on the potential return of cardiac function after cardiac arrest is gathered and made publicly available or until a concrete proposal to abandon the dead donor rule and amend Canadian law is adopted following a process of public debate and intense multidisciplinary review.

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The debate about death: an imperishable discussion?

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

An ultrastructural study of chondroptosis: programmed cell death in degenerative intervertebral discs in vivo

An ultrastructural study of chondroptosis: programmed cell death in degenerative intervertebral discs in vivo

Healthcare Professionals’ Understandings of the Definition and Determination of Death: A Scoping Review

L’admissibilité au don d’organe: définir et déterminer le décès – une perspective médico-légale

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