The death and burial of sunghir 1

Trinkaus, Erik; Бужилова, А.П.

doi:10.1002/oa.1227

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…However, the only current case of a fossil human cranium, with traumatic injury unlikely to have been caused by any other mechanism than human technology and violent behavior, is the slicing injury to the Saint-Césaire 1 cranium (3). To this instance can be added the piercing rib injury of Shanidar 3 (52) and the upper thoracic fatal wound of Sunghir 1 (5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…injury | fracture | skull | Asia T he identification of traumatic lesions in human fossils is of interest for assessing the relative risk of injury to different human groups, the anatomical distribution of trauma and its behavioral implications, the potential to identify interhuman aggression, and the abilities of Pleistocene humans to survive serious injury and posttraumatic disabilities (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). In this context, we report on a healed lesion in the late archaic East Asian Maba 1 partial cranium.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Antemortem trauma and survival in the late Middle Pleistocene human cranium from Maba, South China

Schepartz

Liu

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Paleopathological assessment of the late Middle Pleistocene archaic human cranium from Maba, South China, has documented a right frontal squamous exocranially concave and ridged lesion with endocranial protrusion. Differential diagnosis indicates that it resulted from localized blunt force trauma, due to an accident or, more probably, interhuman aggression. As such it joins a small sample of pre-last glacial maximum Pleistocene human remains with probable evidence of humanly induced trauma. Its remodeled condition also indicates survival of a serious pathological condition, a circumstance that is increasingly documented for archaic and modern Homo through the Pleistocene.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antemortem trauma and survival in the late Middle Pleistocene human cranium from Maba, South China

Schepartz

Liu

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Parecen más fundados (ver Romero y Díez, 2015) los casos del cráneo neandertal de Saint-Césaire y del humano moderno de Klasies River e incluso las posibles heridas por armas en un coxal de Skhul y una costilla de Shanidar. La más antigua prueba de violencia, en la que todos los investigadores parecen estar de acuerdo, procede del Paleolítico superior: consiste en una vértebra torácica con punción ante mortem del sitio ruso de Sungir (Trinkaus y Buzhilova, 2012). Se trata de un varón que pudo morir asesinado y que fue enterrado con un rico ajuar, manifestándose así una desigualdad social ante la muerte.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…A finales del Paleolítico, y en concreto durante el período gravetiense (hace unos 27000 años aproximadamente; Kozlowsky, 2015) encontramos en varios yacimientos del este de Europa distintas evidencias que nos sugieren la presencia de cazadores-recolectores complejos: un modo de vida más sedentario, acopio de excedentes, presencia de elementos suntuarios y signos de la existencia de territorialidad y de personajes dotados de autoridad (Keeley, 1988). En algunos casos hay claros signos de muertes violentas (Trinkaus y Buzhilova, 2012), aunque siempre sobre individuos aislados. No será, por consiguiente, hasta la aparición de las sociedades tribales cuando las evidencias de violencia, ahora sobre colectivos, comiencen a menudear (Meyer, Lohr, Gronenborn y Alt, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Canibalismo en el Pleistoceno. Canibalism during the Pleistocene

Fernández-Lomana

Romero

2016

VdH

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RESUMENEl consumo de miembros de la misma especie acontece en numerosos organismos y debió ser practicado por los humanos durante la Prehistoria, aunque su reconocimiento arqueológico es difícil. En muchas ocasiones podemos demostrar la intervención sobre los cuerpos, pero no si hubo ingesta de la carne. Tampoco es sencillo saber las causas concretas de cada acción de canibalismo, debido a que las evidencias halladas suelen ser magras y pueden interpretarse bajo diferentes hipótesis (equifinalidad). Hemos avanzado mucho en la caracterización de las señales dejadas por el empleo de armas y cuchillos sobre los cuerpos, pero nuestra complejidad cultural produce dificultades para definir las motivaciones de los comportamientos pretéritos.Trataremos de actualizar las evidencias que poseemos sobre antropofagia en el registro arqueológico, en particular para los períodos más antiguos y para el ámbito ibérico, tratando de plantear posibles motivos en cada caso y ver si hay patrones o tendencias a nivel de especie, época, sistema económico o creencias.Los casos documentados parecen avalar un canibalismo de tipo gastronómico entre los cazadores-recolectores simples, al que se le reviste de ritualidad entre los cazadores complejos. De todas formas, desde sus primeras manifestaciones en Atapuerca TD6, apreciamos una clara consciencia en la identificación y distinción de los seres humanos respecto a otras presas por parte de los homininos.Nada parece indicarnos territorialidad o violencia reiterada durante el Paleolítico. Las redes de intercambio y la reciprocidad debieron amortiguar los conflictos en épocas de escasez o en procesos de fisión-fusión de los grupos.PALABRAS CLAVE: canibalismo, violencia, sociedad humana, tafonomía, Pleistoceno ABSTRACT Consumption of members of the same species occurs in many organisms and it must have been practiced by humans during Prehistory, although archaeological evidence for this is scant. It is

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“…In this respect, it must be noted that of the twenty-nine suficiently complete juveniles and adults that were buried in the Gravettian, a high percentage (31%) are pathologically unusual (i.e., display abnormalities that go beyond the minor trauma and healing related to a mobile way of life), which is all the more remarkable because the skeletal evidence as a whole shows that these populations were in quite good health (Holt & Formicola 2008;Trinkaus & Buzhilova 2010). The unusual pathologies include (a) congenital or inherited diseases (such as inner ear malformation resulting in hearing deiciency, bowing of the long bones possibly in relation to a diabetic condition of the mother, and skeletal malformations related to abnormal calciication of the joints), (b) chronical infections (periostitis and histiocytosis), (c) deformations caused by major trauma, and (d) in the case of the Sungir 1 adult individual, death provoked by a projectile.…”

Section: 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Upper Palaeolithic of Europe

Zilhão¹

The Cambridge World Prehistory 3 Volume Set

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the later part of the MP were lake-based, whereas, after about forty-ive thousand years ago, blade/bladelet production became predominant, if not exclusive, and remained so for thirty millennia; (b) such blade/bladelet blanks were obtained in the framework of volumetric core reduction schemes, while the Levallois method, characteristic of the MP, was entirely abandoned, even for the production of lake blanks; (c) as a result, the domestic component of retouched tool assemblages became dominated by end-scrapers and retouched blades instead of side-scrapers, notches and denticulates; (d) a component of points and barbs designed to be mounted on projectile tips and shaped to recognisable templates became readily apparent (probably in relation to the widespread adoption of complex composite tools requiring standardised blanks); and (e) implements made of bone and antler became ubiquitous at about the same time, even in those parts of the continent where wood was never in short supply, not even when climatic conditions were at their harshest. Secondly, in terms of demography, society and culture, the evidence for territoriality and identity, both individual and social, rare prior to ~45,000 years ago, became widespread thereafter and until the end of the Palaeolithic (Gamble 1983(Gamble , 1999 Vanhaeren & d'Errico 2006).After a review of current knowledge concerning the climatic and environmental background, this chapter will discuss issues of human ecology, culture and history. Given the limitations of space, the geographical and chronological coverage is of necessity imbalanced, and the emphasis will lie on describing and proposing interpretations for perceived general patterns, using speciic case studies to support the arguments, rather than on the illustration of regional or temporal particularities. The aim is to bring into focus what the UP as a whole represents in evolutionary terms by comparison with preceding times, namely where (a) technological innovation and adaptive success relate to demographic growth and social complexiication, and (b) these and related factors set a base line for the momentous developments that led to the emergence of food production in the later prehistory of Europe and the Greater Mediterranean.Throughout, calendar ages before present will be used (i.e., when relying upon radiocarbon results, after calibration; Reimer et al. 2009). The location of all sites mentioned in the text is given in Map 3.19.1, and the units of analysis are the different techno-complexes recognised in the literature (Table 3.19.1), grouped into four major phases: Transitional, The Upper Palaeolithic of EuropeEarly, Full and Final. The irst phase begins some time between ifty thousand and forty-ive thousand years ago with a period during which European Neanderthals experimented with novel technological systems in regionally diverse ways, and ends with the Protoaurignacian intrusion, which at present seems to be devoid of local roots and thus may well represent the archaeological signature of the irst wave ...

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The death and burial of sunghir 1

Cited by 33 publications

References 49 publications

Antemortem trauma and survival in the late Middle Pleistocene human cranium from Maba, South China

Antemortem trauma and survival in the late Middle Pleistocene human cranium from Maba, South China

Canibalismo en el Pleistoceno. Canibalism during the Pleistocene

The Upper Palaeolithic of Europe

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