The deaf child's conception of physical causality.

The clinical relevance of reduced sensory stimulation.

“…For example, deaf (i.e., auditorily deprived) children have evidenced slower conceptual development (Ness, 1964); a lower ability to use both visual and supraliminal auditory information (Sterritt, Camp & Lapman, 1966); language deficiencies (Furth, 1971; but see Bornstein & Roy, 1973); and a variety of personality problems, including behavioural deviancy even after the hearing loss has been remedied (Eisen, 1962) and lack of empathy and insight (Rainer & Altshuler, 1967). It has also been reported that deaf patients experience auditory hallucinations in about the same proportion as schizophrenics with normal hearing, although the incidence of schizophrenia per se is not unusually high among the deaf (Altshuler, 1971).…”

Effects of probing children's phenomenistic explanations of cause and effect.

“…A phenomenistic explanation, according to Piaget, is a precausal explanation in which a child selects an irrelevant or coincidental antecedent event as the cause of some other event without specifying the relationship between the two events. Nass (1964) has speculated that the inability to probe individual responses in group settings may account for this difference. The present study investigated the influence of the testing procedure on children's causal explanations.…”

“…The subjects were individually administered three Piagetian-type verbal measures of causality. The first two tests dealt with familiar and remote objects (Nass, 1964). The third test was concerned with malfunctions.…”