The DBP exposome: Development of a new method to simultaneously quantify priority disinfection by-products and comprehensively identify unknowns

Kimura, Susana Y.; Cuthbertson, Amy A.; Byer, Jonathan D.; Richardson, Susan D.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.057

Cited by 69 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…To date, more than 700 DBPs have been identified in drinking water, and many are cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic. , Among these compounds, iodo-THMs (I-THMs), iodoacetic acids (IAAs), haloacetonitriles (HANs), haloacetaldehydes (HALs), halonitromethanes (HNMs), haloacetamides (HAMs), and haloketones (HKs) are considered as priority DBPs, owing to their detection frequency, concentrations, and toxicities. − Compared to regulated THMs and haloacetic acids (HAAs), most of these unregulated priority DBPs are much more cytotoxic and genotoxic. ,− However, there is little information on the occurrence and formation of DBPs in tea, with only one paper reporting one class of DBPs (THMs) in tea brewed using real tap water …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs) Formed in My Cup of Tea? Regulated, Priority, and Unknown DBPs

Aziz

Granger

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Globally, tea is the second most consumed nonalcoholic beverage next to drinking water and is an important pathway of disinfection byproduct (DBP) exposure. When boiled tap water is used to brew tea, residual chlorine can produce DBPs by the reaction of chlorine with tea compounds. In this study, 60 regulated and priority DBPs were measured in Twinings green tea, Earl Grey tea, and Lipton tea that was brewed using tap water or simulated tap water (nanopure water with chlorine). In many cases, measured DBP levels in tea were lower than in the tap water itself due to volatilization and sorption onto tea leaves. DBPs formed by the reaction of residual chlorine with tea precursors contributed ∼12% of total DBPs in real tap water brewed tea, with the remaining 88% introduced by the tap water itself. Of that 12%, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, and chloroform were the only contributing DBPs. Total organic halogen in tea nearly doubled relative to tap water, with 96% of the halogenated DBPs unknown. Much of this unknown total organic halogen (TOX) may be high-molecular-weight haloaromatic compounds, formed by the reaction of chlorine with polyphenols present in tea leaves. The identification of 15 haloaromatic DBPs using gas chromatography− high-resolution mass spectrometry indicates that this may be the case. Further studies on the identity and formation of these aromatic DBPs should be conducted since haloaromatic DBPs can have significant toxicity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs) Formed in My Cup of Tea? Regulated, Priority, and Unknown DBPs

Aziz

Granger

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…6 Additionally, known DBPs cannot explain epidemiological risk estimates despite approximately 700 DBPs identified within the last decades. 2,4,[8][9][10][11] The majority of all identified DBPs is not yet quantifiable, let alone toxicologically characterized. Some of the known DBPs have been characterized by various in vitro bioassays [12][13][14] and such tools have also been applied to evaluate drinking water quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixture effects of drinking water disinfection by-products: implications for risk assessment

Stalter

O’Malley

Gunten

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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“…Sifat Kimia Kegunaan Sintesis (12) Kapasitas Pemisahan (18) Penyaringan (15) Kalor (107)(108)(109) Rumus kimia (110)(111)(112)(113)(114) Endapan Ikatan Pemanasan Kepolaran kimia (25) kelaruta n Perak Sulfat (Ag 2 SO 4 ) (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) Bentuk (24) Bilangan Kelimpahan transport di alam (14) (83)(84)(85)(86)(87) densitas (11) Mobilitas ion (88)(89)(90)(91) Sintesi Berat Titik Lebur molekul(5-9) s (13) (19) Difusi Warna (92)(93)(94)(95) Bau (21)…”

Section: Metodologiunclassified

SILVER SULFATE (Ag2SO4): MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND ION TRANSPORT

Yurmaniati¹,

Zainul²

2018

Preprint

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Abstrak Perak sulfat merupakan garam anorganik dengan rumus Ag2SO4. Perak sulfat ini termasuk dalam senyawa ionic karena terdapat ikatan antara logam perak dengan spesi non logam sulfat. Perak sulfat memiliki. berat molekul yaitu 311,799 gr/mol dengan tampilan kristal tidak berwarna dan tidak mudah terbakar. Senyawa ini digunakan dalam penyepuhan perak (silver plating) dan pengganti tanpa noda untuk perak nitrat. Perak Sulfat mengalami interaksi molekul dalam pelarut Air. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik molekul dan transpor ion Perak Sulfat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelusuran literatur dengan Endnote X7, pemodelan komputasi, dan perhitungan matematis. Data transpor ion Perak Sulfat yaitu dengan parameter konduktivitas, viskositas, mobilitas ion, dan daya hanyut menggunakan data hasil review beberapa jurnal penelitian yang berkaitan dengan Perak Sulfat sesuai tahapan pada fishbone. Secara termokimia, perak sulfat memiliki entalpi pembentukan standar, ΔfHo 298 -715 kJ/mol dan entropi molar standar, So298 16,74 kJ/mol. Kelarutan Perak Sulfat dalam air yaitu 0,79 gr/100 mL (20 o C) dan dapat larut juga dalam pelarut asam nitrat. Hasil penelitian konduktivitas larutan Ag2SO4 semakin meningkat seiring dengan kenaikan konsentrasi persen massa sesuai grafik hasil perhitungan. Energi optimasi MM2 Minimization, Optimasi MM2 Dynamics, dan Optimasi MM2 Properties berturut-turut yaitu 210. 2194 kcal/mol, 755. 377 kcal/mol, 216. 774 kcal/mol. Kecepatan hanyut molekul perak sulfat dengan potensial Ag2SO4 3,61 V dan jarak antara elektroda 1,5 cm yaitu 2, 407 V/cm. Kata kunci : Perak Sulfat, Interaksi molekul, Pemodelan I. IntroductionPerak sulfat (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) merupakan senyawa ion dari perak dengan rumus Ag2SO4, yang digunakan dalam penyepuhan perak (silver plating) dan pengganti tanpa noda untuk perak nitrat. Garam sulfat ini stabil di bawah kondisi penggunaan dan penyimpanan biasa, meskipun ia menjadi gelap pada pajanan terhadap udara atau cahaya. Perak Sulfat (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) mengalami interaksi molekul dalam pelarut Air. Berat molekul senyawa ini yaitu 311,799 gr/mol dengan tampilan kristal tidak berwarna. Kelarutannya dalam air 0,79 gr/100 mL (20 o C) dan dapat larut juga dalam pelarut asam nitrat. Secara termokimia, perak sulfat (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) memiliki entalpi pembentukan standar, ΔfHo298 -715 kJ/mol dan entropi molar standar, So298 16,74 kJ/mol. Perak sulfat (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) tidak mudah terbakar.Perak Sulfat (Ag2SO4) (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) memiliki konduktivitas (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10) . Besarnya nilai konduktivitas (1-10) ditentukan oleh konsentrasi elektrolit. Muatan dalam senyawa dapat dibawa dalam bentuk electron seperti logam atau biasanya digunakan ion positif dan ion negative seperti dalam larutan elektrolit dan leburan garam. Aliran listrik dapat ditemukan dalam suatu larutan karena terdapat di ...

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The DBP exposome: Development of a new method to simultaneously quantify priority disinfection by-products and comprehensively identify unknowns

Cited by 69 publications

References 41 publications

Are Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs) Formed in My Cup of Tea? Regulated, Priority, and Unknown DBPs

Are Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs) Formed in My Cup of Tea? Regulated, Priority, and Unknown DBPs

Mixture effects of drinking water disinfection by-products: implications for risk assessment

SILVER SULFATE (Ag2SO4): MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND ION TRANSPORT

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