The Dawning Age of Genetic Testing for Sports Injuries

Goodlin, Gabrielle T.; Roos, Thomas R.; Roos, Andrew K.; Kim, Stuart K.

doi:10.1097/jsm.0000000000000158

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…However, it should be noted that only a couple of the selected studies have indicated a correlation between TMD and occlusal factors [81,82]. Only a few works have indicated that correctly performed occlusal adjustments may help to treat TMD [83,84], but occlusal adjustments are not usually recognized as a beneficial method in the management of TMD [14,85]. The lack of an association between TMDs and occlusion interferences indicates that these interreferences may result from TMDs [86][87][88][89].…”

Section: Occlusal Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Clinical Symptoms and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) Patients Utilizing the Piper MRI Diagnostic System

Tegnander¹,

Chladek

Hovland

et al. 2021

JCM

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Clinical problems of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the masticatory musculature are both included in the term temporomandibular disorder (TMD). The purpose of the present study was to examine the pathology of the joints of patients diagnosed with TMD utilizing the dedicated Piper MRI-based classification, and to link these pathologies with various symptoms while considering their severity. In total, 64 patients with clinical TMD were examined. Symptoms were recorded using a questionnaire. The clinical examination included diagnosing the occlusion in centric relation, which was followed by a standardized MRI. It was confirmed that, although they occurred in a high percentage in all classes, muscle pain and occlusal interference are not indicators of TMJ damage. The results indicate that the progressive degradation of the TMJ, represented by qualification to the higher Piper classes, is associated with an increase in TMJ pain only up to a certain stage. For the highest Piper classes, the joint pain occurs in a smaller percentage of patients, but sounds are more frequent.

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Section: Occlusal Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Clinical Symptoms and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) Patients Utilizing the Piper MRI Diagnostic System

Tegnander¹,

Chladek

Hovland

et al. 2021

JCM

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“…The study found that the majority of athletes surveyed would want to know if they had a genetic variation associated with sport performance or injury susceptibility. The potential to use genetic testing to reduce sports injuries is slowly being realised (Goodlin et al 2015). For instance, it was reported that an English football club sent a geneticist DNA samples from some of its players for analysis of how injury prone they are (Collins 2011).…”

Section: Injury and Medical Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, it was reported that an English football club sent a geneticist DNA samples from some of its players for analysis of how injury prone they are (Collins 2011). Whilst the effectiveness of genetic testing is still largely unknown, the future use of accurate genetic profiles could potentially help managers reduce their players' chance of getting injured, through better informed training schedules and squad selection (Collins 2011;Goodlin et al 2015).…”

Section: Injury and Medical Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Regulation of Genetic Testing in Sport

Patel

Varley

2019

Entertainment and Sports Law Journal

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This article investigates the legal implications of the use of genetic testing in sport, that is, the analysis of human DNA to detect particular genetic traits and variations, or susceptibility to conditions. As science makes significant strides in the understanding of our genetic information, the search for the genetic components which separate winners and losers in sport follows. Although the practice of genetic testing in sport is not currently commonplace, there are some examples of genetic information being used by sports clubs and governing bodies to make decisions about an athlete's capability to perform. This article examines how this practice could disproportionately interfere with an individual's human rights and result in genetic discrimination if information is used for selection and employment purposes. It reviews some of the hard and soft law measures that regulate genetic testing at an international, regional and domestic level. The position of sport within this regulatory framework is uncertain, given the unique way in which sports regulation functions and interacts with the law. Nevertheless, the article concludes that the tendency of the law to treat discrimination in sport differently to other areas of society could leave athletes vulnerable. Whilst genetic information may be useful for understanding genetic traits and their relationship with athletic performance, going beyond this to select athletes on the basis of genetics is discouraged and the interests of sport should be fairly balanced against the human rights of the athlete.

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“…In light of this potential for genetic variation to influence performance, both direct-to-consumer (DTC) and provider based genetic testing services are now offered by many companies [35]. Several DTC companies specifically target professional sport with advertising campaigns, which claim to provide personalised training and nutritional information to optimise performance and reduce injury susceptibility based on an athlete's genotype [10]. Despite genetic testing in sport being a relatively new field, several athletes, practitioners, and organisations at the professional level have begun to embrace genetic testing as part of their training regime [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, there is anecdotal evidence in football that suggests genetic testing is being used to identify and select talented performers [29]. This is concerning for many researchers and practitioners, not only because the existing evidence which DTC companies base their recommendations on is limited [30], but also due to the accompanying social, ethical, and legal issues associated with potential genetic discrimination [10]. As such, several scientific consensus statements have deemed that the utilisation of genetic information, particularly for predicting future performance, is inappropriate and without scientific creditability [34,35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Testing in Professional Football: Perspectives of Key Stakeholders

McAuley

Hughes

Tsaprouni

et al. 2021

J. of SCI. IN SPORT AND EXERCISE

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Purpose Genetic research in football is currently in it’s infancy but is growing rapidly. However, the practical application of genetic testing in football and the views concerning its use are unknown. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the current practical application of genetic testing in professional football and provide an insight into the perspectives of key stakeholders (i.e., coaches, practitioners, players). Methods In total, 122 participants completed an online anonymous survey. This consisted of 21 multiple choice and Likert scale questions, with the option of providing an explanation for each response. Results Findings revealed genetic testing is rarely utilised by key stakeholders (10%) or their respective organisations (14%). However, three quarters (75%) had the opinion that genetic testing will have great utility in the future. The majority (72%) believed genetic testing should be used for athlete development and injury risk, whilst 35% believed that genetic testing should be utilised for talent identification purposes. However, most key stakeholders viewed their own (89%) and their colleagues’ (79%) knowledge related to genetic testing as insufficient; mainly due to ineffective current communication methods (91%). Most believed educational workshops are required (71%), whilst nearly all (91%) were interested in developing their expertise on the utility of genetic testing. Conclusion Genetic testing is rarely used within professional football, although key stakeholders anticipate that it will be utilised more in the future. As such, educational support may prove valuable in improving key stakeholder knowledge and the practical application of genetic testing in professional football.

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The Dawning Age of Genetic Testing for Sports Injuries

Cited by 12 publications

References 35 publications

Relationship between Clinical Symptoms and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) Patients Utilizing the Piper MRI Diagnostic System

Relationship between Clinical Symptoms and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) Patients Utilizing the Piper MRI Diagnostic System

Exploring the Regulation of Genetic Testing in Sport

Genetic Testing in Professional Football: Perspectives of Key Stakeholders

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