The Dark Triad, reinforcement sensitivity and substance use

Stenason, Lauren; Vernon, Philip A.

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.010

Cited by 51 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…One unexpected result is the lack of significant relationships between the Dark Triad traits and the frequency of substance use, including alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis, both from variable-centred and person-centred approaches. This result is not in line with previous findings that showed strong relationships between the Dark Triad and health-risk activities, including substance use [19,20]. From an evolutionary model of risky behaviour, some high-risk activities such as substance use may be common among young people [54].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

“…Hence, the underlying mechanism to detect and respond to costs and benefits might lead to the consideration of substance use as normative behaviour in this sample, which reduces the weight of individual differences [54]. Another possible explanation is that the Dark Triad does not exert a direct effect on substance use but an indirect effect through specific mechanisms of approach and avoidance behaviours, such as inhibition and activation systems [20,55], and antagonism [19], which may also differ between Dark Triad traits. In this line, Flexon, Meldrum, Young, and Lehmann [56] found that the Dark Triad no longer predicted substance use after controlling for the effect of self-control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The intrinsic characteristics that underlie the dark personalities lead to an increase in risk-taking activities [15]. In this regard, studies have found strong relationships between the Dark Triad traits and the propensity to take financial risks [16], attitudes toward risky driving [17], health-risk activities, such as substance use and sociosexuality [18][19][20], problematic media use [21], and other deviant behaviours, including aggression [22][23][24], bullying and cyberbullying [25][26][27], and crime [18,28]. Specifically, some differences emerged as regards the influence of Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism on risky behaviours.…”

Section: Dark Triad and Risky Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dark Triad Traits and Risky Behaviours: Identifying Risk Profiles from a Person-Centred Approach

Maneiro

Navas

Geel

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The relationship between Dark Triad traits and risky behaviours has been shown in recent years. However, few studies have attempted to disentangle this relationship using a person-centred approach. The goal of the current study was to identify subgroups of individuals on the basis of their scores on Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism and analyse the differences between them in a set of risky behaviours (i.e., frequency of substance use, reactive and proactive aggression, risk perception and risk engagement, and problematic internet use). The sample consisted of 317 undergraduates aged 18–34 (46% males). The results of the latent profile analysis showed five subgroups of individuals that were identified based on their scores on the Dark Triad traits: low-Dark Triad, narcissistic, Machiavellian/narcissistic, psychopathic, and Machiavellian/psychopathic. Overall, the Machiavellian/narcissistic and Machiavellian/psychopathic subgroups showed higher scores for most risky behaviours. The low-Dark Triad scored higher for risk perception. No significant differences between subgroups were found as regards frequency of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use. These findings suggest that the combination of the Dark Triad traits lead to more negative outcomes as regards risky behaviour than individual components. Moreover, they highlight the relevance of using a person-centred approach in the study of dark personalities.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Dark Triad and Risky Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dark Triad Traits and Risky Behaviours: Identifying Risk Profiles from a Person-Centred Approach

Maneiro

Navas

Geel

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Therefore, they may be more at risk for developing social media addiction . Narcissism has been related to both substance use and problem gambling (Stenason and Vernon 2016;Trombly and Zeigler-Hill 2017), as well as social media addiction (Andreassen et al 2017;Eşkisu et al 2017;Liu and Ma 2018). Therefore, the finding in the present study supports previous research.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Histrionic Personality, Narcissistic Personality, and Problematic Social Media Use: Testing of a New Hypothetical Model

Savcı

Turan

Griffiths

et al. 2019

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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In the present study, a hypothetical model examining the relationships between histrionic personality belief, need for social approval, desire for being liked, social media disorder, and narcissistic personality belief was proposed and tested. The effect of histrionic personality belief on the need for social approval and desire for being liked was tested first. Then the effect of the need for social approval and desire for being liked on social media addiction were tested. Finally, the effect of social media addiction on narcissistic personality belief was tested. The present study comprised 305 adolescents (165 girls and 140 boys) and they were administered the Personality Belief Questionnaire-Short Form, Need for Social Approval Scale, Desire for Being Liked Scale, and Social Media Disorder Scale. Before the proposed hypothetical model was tested, each latent variable was tested with measurement models to determine if it could be used in structural models. Findings demonstrated that histrionic personality belief positively affected the need for social approval and desire for being liked. The need for social approval and desire for being liked positively affected social media addiction. Finally, social media addiction positively affected narcissistic personality belief.

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“…Altogether, these specific social characteristics of chronic cocaine users resemble the broad concept of Machiavellianism [ 8 , 9 ], which describes a social attitude characterized by cynical beliefs, interpersonal manipulation, and pragmatic morality [ 10 ]. However, although social functioning was linked to drug addiction [ 3 ] and explicitly cocaine addiction has been associated with social isolation and the neglect of social rules [ 1 ], only a very limited number of studies have investigated the linkage between Machiavellianism and illegal substance use in general [ 11 , 12 ], while no study has explicitly examined Machiavellian attitudes in cocaine users so far. Moreover, the currently closest link to Machiavellianism in cocaine users–the elevated self-serving behavior of RCU and DCU [ 4 ]–was established using money distribution games showing rather low test-retest reliabilities [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable self-serving personality traits in recreational and dependent cocaine users

et al. 2017

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Chronic cocaine use has been associated with impairments in social cognition, self-serving and antisocial behavior, and socially relevant personality disorders (PD). Despite the apparent relationship between Machiavellianism and stimulant use, no study has explicitly examined this personality concept in cocaine users so far. In the frame of the longitudinal Zurich Cocaine Cognition Study, the Machiavellianism Questionnaire (MACH-IV) was assessed in 68 recreational and 30 dependent cocaine users as well as in 68 psychostimulant-naïve controls at baseline. Additionally, three closely related personality dimensions from the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI)–cooperativeness, (social) reward dependence, and self-directedness–and the screening questionnaire of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II) were acquired. At the one-year follow-up, 57 cocaine users and 48 controls were reassessed with the MACH-IV. Finally, MACH-IV scores were correlated with measures of social cognition and interaction (cognitive/emotional empathy, Theory-of-Mind, prosocial behavior) and with SCID-II PD scores assessed at baseline. Both recreational and dependent cocaine users showed significantly higher Machiavellianism than controls, while dependent cocaine users additionally displayed significantly lower levels of TCI cooperativeness and self-directedness. During the one-year interval, MACH-IV scores showed high test-retest reliability and also the significant gap between cocaine users and controls remained. Moreover, in cocaine users, higher Machiavellianism correlated significantly with lower levels of cooperativeness and self-directedness, with less prosocial behavior, and with higher cluster B PD scores. However, Machiavellianism was not correlated with measures of cocaine use severity (r<-.15). Both recreational and dependent cocaine users display pronounced and stable Machiavellian personality traits. The lack of correlations with severity of cocaine use and its temporal stability indicates that a Machiavellian personality trait might represent a predisposition for cocaine use that potentially serves as a predictor for stimulant addiction.

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The Dark Triad, reinforcement sensitivity and substance use

Cited by 51 publications

References 19 publications

Dark Triad Traits and Risky Behaviours: Identifying Risk Profiles from a Person-Centred Approach

Dark Triad Traits and Risky Behaviours: Identifying Risk Profiles from a Person-Centred Approach

Histrionic Personality, Narcissistic Personality, and Problematic Social Media Use: Testing of a New Hypothetical Model

Stable self-serving personality traits in recreational and dependent cocaine users

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