The Dark Side of the Covid-19 Treatments on Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection

Maio, Flavio De; Bianco, Delia Mercedes; Delogu, Giovanni

doi:10.4084/mjhid.2022.021

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…According to the published data, COVID-19 infection potentiates a decline in IFN-γ level, as well as magnitude of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 T cells [ 28 , 29 ]. Most researchers conclude that immune response in LTBI and tuberculosis is clearly impaired, which may presumably result in developing active tuberculosis or severe TB course in COVID-19 convalescents [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. However, it was noted to continue performing further studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis and COVID-19 Dually Affect Human Th17 Cell Immune Response

et al. 2023

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COVID-19 infection not only profoundly impacts the detection of tuberculosis infection (Tbc) but also affects modality in tuberculosis patient immune response. It is important to determine immune response alterations in latent tuberculosis infection as well as in SARS-CoV-2-infected tuberculosis patients. Such changes may have underlying effects on the development and course of further tuberculosis. Here, we aimed to review the characteristics of immune response in TB patients or convalescent COVID-19 patients with latent TB infection (LTBI). Materials and Methods. We analyzed the features of immune response in tuberculosis and COVID-19 patients. For this, we analyzed publications released from December 2019 to March 2023; those which were published in accessible international databases (“Medline”, “PubMed”, “Scopus”) and with keywords such as “COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “tuberculosis”, “pulmonary tuberculosis”, “latent tuberculosis infection”, “Treg”, “follicular Treg”, and “Treg subsets”, we considered. Results. Through our analysis, we found that tuberculosis patients who had been infected with COVID-19 previously and elevated Th1 and Th2 cell levels. High levels of Th1 and Th2 cells may serve as a positive marker, characterizing activated immune response during TB infection. COVID-19 or post-COVID-19 subjects showed decreased Th17 levels, indicating a lack of tuberculosis development. Moreover, the typical course of tuberculosis is associated with an increase in Treg level, but COVID-19 contributes to a hyperinflammatory response. Conclusion. According to the data obtained, the course of tuberculosis proceeds in a dissimilar way due to the distinct immune response, elicited by SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, the development of active tuberculosis with a severe course is associated with a decline in Treg levels. Both pathogens lead to disturbed immune responses, increasing the risk of developing severe TB. The insights and findings of this paper may be used to improve the future management of individuals with latent and active tuberculosis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis and COVID-19 Dually Affect Human Th17 Cell Immune Response

et al. 2023

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“…Despite having similar symptoms, human respiratory viruses differ in genomic features, seasonality and transmission mode 1 . The use of non‐pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), such as social distancing or face‐masking, to reduce Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19), dramatically affected respiratory viruses spreading patterns 2 . Furthermore, establishment and improvement of national and global surveillance systems and the increased public awareness of the health burden of respiratory viruses lead to a renewed interest in exploring their epidemiology.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory viruses in the pre and post‐pandemic periods in an Italian tertiary hospital

Maio

Fiori

Bianco

et al. 2023

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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“…The emergence of multidrug resistant and extensively drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) strains makes the identification of novel potential treatment strategies a priority. The search for new solutions includes the investigation of both novel agents and repurposing approved drugs with potential anti-mycobacterial effects ( Palucci and Delogu, 2018 ; Battah et al, 2019 ; De Maio et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the potential of graphene quantum dots against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

Santarelli,

Perini,

Salustri

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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IntroductionThe emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains has underscored the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. Carbon-based nanomaterials, such as graphene oxide (GO), have shown potential in anti-TB activities but suffer from significant toxicity issues.MethodsThis study explores the anti-TB potential of differently functionalized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) – non-functionalized, L-GQDs, aminated (NH2-GQDs), and carboxylated (COOH-GQDs) – alone and in combination with standard TB drugs (isoniazid, amikacin, and linezolid). Their effects were assessed in both axenic cultures and in vitro infection models.ResultsGQDs alone did not demonstrate direct mycobactericidal effects nor trapping activity. However, the combination of NH2-GQDs with amikacin significantly reduced CFUs in in vitro models. NH2-GQDs and COOH-GQDs also enhanced the antimicrobial activity of amikacin in infected macrophages, although L-GQDs and COOH-GQDs alone showed no significant activity.DiscussionThe results suggest that specific types of GQDs, particularly NH2-GQDs, can enhance the efficacy of existing anti-TB drugs. These nanoparticles might serve as effective adjuvants in anti-TB therapy by boosting drug performance and reducing bacterial counts in host cells, highlighting their potential as part of advanced drug delivery systems in tuberculosis treatment. Further investigations are needed to better understand their mechanisms and optimize their use in clinical settings.

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The Dark Side of the Covid-19 Treatments on Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection

Cited by 7 publications

References 62 publications

Tuberculosis and COVID-19 Dually Affect Human Th17 Cell Immune Response

Tuberculosis and COVID-19 Dually Affect Human Th17 Cell Immune Response

Respiratory viruses in the pre and post‐pandemic periods in an Italian tertiary hospital

Unraveling the potential of graphene quantum dots against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

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