The Dark Side of Dendritic Cells: Development and Exploitation of Tolerogenic Activity That Favor Tumor Outgrowth and Immune Escape

Seliger, Barbara; Massa, Chiara

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2013.00419

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 195 publications

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“…24,[58][59][60][61][62][63] Analogous to the M1-M2 paradigm for macrophages, DCs can adopt a regulatory phenotype that promotes T-cell anergy and tolerance. 15,64 These regDCs can be identified by their surface markers CD11b high CD11c low GR1 À , but in practice, differentiating between TAMs and DCs can be difficult, as histologic appearance and surface markers can give divergent or ambiguous results. Functionally, regDCs mediate T-cell anergy by presenting antigen in the context of decreased surface expression of costimulatory molecules and production of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13.…”

Section: Maturaɵonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myeloid-Derived Cells in Tumors: Effects of Radiation

Vatner

Formenti

2015

Seminars in Radiation Oncology

115

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The discrepancy between the in vitro and in vivo response to radiation is readily explained by the fact that tumors do not exist independently of the host organism; cancer cells grow in the context of a complex microenvironment composed of stromal cells, vasculature, and elements of the immune system. As the antitumor effect of radiotherapy depends in part on the immune system, and myeloid-derived cells in the tumor microenvironment modulate the immune response to tumors, it follows that understanding the effect of radiation on myeloid cells in the tumor is likely to be essential for comprehending the antitumor effects of radiotherapy. In this review, we describe the phenotype and function of these myeloid-derived cells, and stress the complexity of studying this important cell compartment owing to its intrinsic plasticity. With regard to the response to radiation of myeloid cells in the tumor, evidence has emerged demonstrating that it is both model and dose dependent. Deciphering the effects of myeloid-derived cells in tumors, particularly in irradiated tumors, is key for attempting to pharmacologically modulate their actions in the clinic as part of cancer therapy.

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Section: Maturaɵonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myeloid-Derived Cells in Tumors: Effects of Radiation

Vatner

Formenti

2015

Seminars in Radiation Oncology

115

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“…Another common mechanism for disrupting the immune response is through interference with CTL priming, primarily through modification of the intratumoral infiltrate of dendritic cells (DCs) ( 3 – 5 , 8 , 9 , 23 ). Intratumoral DCs often have an immature or regulatory phenotype that results in the presentation of tumor antigens without co-stimulation, resulting in cross-tolerance and anergy of T-cells ( 24 – 27 ).…”

Section: Mechanisms For Immune Evasionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combinations of Immunotherapy and Radiation in Cancer Therapy

et al. 2014

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The immune system has the ability to recognize and specifically reject tumors, and tumors only become clinically apparent once they have evaded immune destruction by creating an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Radiotherapy (RT) can cause immunogenic tumor cell death resulting in cross-priming of tumor-specific T-cells, acting as an in situ tumor vaccine; however, RT alone rarely induces effective anti-tumor immunity resulting in systemic tumor rejection. Immunotherapy can complement RT to help overcome tumor-induced immune suppression, as demonstrated in pre-clinical tumor models. Here, we provide the rationale for combinations of different immunotherapies and RT, and review the pre-clinical and emerging clinical evidence for these combinations in the treatment of cancer.

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“…These TADCs have a low ability to present antigen, induce T cells differentiating to Treg subtype, and consequently impair T cell-mediated tumor killing effects. Furthermore, TADCs lead to a decreasing ratio of Th cells and effective T cells apoptosis through a way such as reactive oxygen species, the indoleamine 2, 3-2 oxidase (IDO), and releasing immune suppressive factors [ 59 ]. TADCs are also involved in tumor angiogenesis, tumor cell proliferation, and invasion [ 60 ].…”

Section: Tcm Reverses the Immunosuppressive Phenotype And Regulatementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect and Molecular Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Regulating Tumor Immunosuppressive Microenvironment

Guo

Lin

2015

BioMed Research International

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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an important complementary strategy for treating cancer in China. The mechanism is related to regulating the internal environment and remodeling the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIM). Herein we illustrate how TIM is reformed and its protumor activity on promoting tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, tumor invasion, and the oncogenicity of cancer stem cells. Furthermore we summarize the effects and mechanism of TCM on regulating TIM via enhancing antitumor immune responses (e.g., regulating the expression of MHC molecules and Fas/FasL, attenuating cancerigenic ability of cancer stem cells) and remolding immunosuppressive cells (e.g., reversing immune phenotypes of T lymphocytes and tumor associated macrophages, promoting dendritic cells mature, restraining myeloid derived suppressor cells function, and regulating Th1/Th2 factors). We also reveal the bidirectional and multitargeting functions of TCM on regulating TIM. Hopefully, it provides new theoretical basis for TCM clinical practice in cancer treatment and prevention.

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The Dark Side of Dendritic Cells: Development and Exploitation of Tolerogenic Activity That Favor Tumor Outgrowth and Immune Escape

Cited by 15 publications

References 195 publications

Myeloid-Derived Cells in Tumors: Effects of Radiation

Myeloid-Derived Cells in Tumors: Effects of Radiation

Combinations of Immunotherapy and Radiation in Cancer Therapy

Effect and Molecular Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Regulating Tumor Immunosuppressive Microenvironment

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