The Dark Side of ADHD: Factors Associated With Suicide Attempts Among Those With ADHD in a National Representative Canadian Sample

Fuller‐Thomson, Esme; Rivière, Raphaël Nahar; Carrique, Lauren; Agbeyaka, Senyo

doi:10.1080/13811118.2020.1856258

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…In a study from Denmark, individuals with ADHD were estimated to have a 4.7-fold higher rate of suicidal behavior (95%CI [4.34-5.06]) and an increased risk of death by suicide (IRR 3.20, 95% CI [2.29-4.47]) [22]. Other studies similarly reported significantly higher rates of SAsuicide attempts in those with an ADHD diagnosis compared to those without, with unadjusted odds ratios ranging from 2.27 to 13.50 [23,27,28,34,39]. When investigating adults presenting with self-harm at Swedish hospitals, Olsson et al reported that 29% of those with ADHD had at least one SA or death recorded six months after the initial self-harm episode, which was a significantly higher proportion than in the comparison group (19%, χ2 = 4.67, df = 1, p = 0.03) [20].…”

Section: Suicidementioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors of suicidal spectrum behaviors in adults and adolescents with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder – a systematic review

Austgulen,

Skram,

Haavik

et al. 2023

BMC Psychiatry

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Introduction Adolescents and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk of suicidal spectrum behaviors (SSBs). However, there is limited knowledge about risk factors triggering SSBs in this group of people. Objective To explore published literature concerning factors that may increase the risk of SSBs in adults and adolescents with ADHD. Methods A systematic literature search following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted on 22nd of February 2022 using the Ovid MEDLINE and Web of Science databases. Three categories of search terms were used: (1) self-harm, self-injury, self-mutilation, suicide, self-poisoning; (2) adults, adolescents; and (3) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder/ADHD. Studies with data concerning mediating factors of SSBs in relation to a clinical diagnosis of ADHD in participants above 16 years of age were included. Results The literature search identified 604 articles, of which 40 were included in the final study selection. Factors found to increase the likelihood of SSBs included ADHD symptom severity and persistence, female gender, family history of ADHD, childhood and parental influences, and social functioning. Even when adjusting for psychiatric comorbidities, most studies showed that adults and adolescents with ADHD have an elevated risk of SSBs. Conclusion This systematic review has documented that several demographic and clinical features are associated with an increased risk of SSBs in adolescents and adults with ADHD. Notably, ADHD emerges as an independent risk factor for SSBs. This information ought to have clinical implications in terms of screening and suicide prevention strategies. Further longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the outcome of preventive strategies in individuals along the full spectrum of ADHD symptom severity.

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Section: Suicidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gender differences in relation to ADHD and SSBs were investigated in six studies, all reporting that females with ADHD have a higher likelihood of SSBs than males with ADHD [22,23,27,32,36,50].…”

Section: Gender Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors of suicidal spectrum behaviors in adults and adolescents with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder – a systematic review

Austgulen,

Skram,

Haavik

et al. 2023

BMC Psychiatry

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“…The recent systematic review by Austgulen et al [ 59 ] showed that several demographic and clinical features are associated with an increased risk of SSBs in adolescents and adults with ADHD. The rate of suicide attempts seems to be higher in females (ratio: 1:4) than in males (ratio 1:7), with females presenting a higher prevalence of associated mood disorders [ 60 ].…”

Section: Suicide In the Nddmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Suicide: A Narrative Review

Gagliano,

Costanza,

Di Modica

et al. 2024

JCM

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Specific risk factors for self-harm and suicide in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) may differ from those in the general population within this age range. In the present review paper, we conducted a narrative analysis of the literature, aiming to establish a connection between suicide and affective disorders in children and adolescents with NDD. Emotion dysregulation (ED) as an individual factor and adverse childhood experiences (ACE) as environmental factors are discussed as risk factors for suicidality in all individuals with NDD. We propose a theoretical model in which ED and ACE can directly lead to self-harm or suicide, directly or indirectly by interacting with depressive spectrum disorders. Additionally, we suggest that specific risk factors are more frequently associated with each of the neurodevelopmental disorders listed in the DSM-V. This review underlines the key points useful to improve the knowledge of the trajectory leading to suicide risk in NDDs with the purpose to facilitate the early identification of the suicide risk.

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“…According to Chen et al , an increased risk of suicidal behavior among patients with ADHD was associated with female gender, older age, treatment with ADHD medications, treatment with antidepressants, and higher number of comorbid conditions [31]. In Canadian study investigating 21 744 participants, of whom 529 was diagnosed with ADHD, being female, having lower levels of educational achievement, engaging in substance abuse, having a history of depression, and experiencing chronic parental domestic violence during childhood were identified as individual factors independently associated with lifetime suicide attempts in individuals with ADHD [32 ▪ ]. Female gender was also a contributing factor in the study conducted in Northern Finland [33].…”

Section: Factors Contributing To Suicidality and Nonsuicidal Self-injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicidality and nonsuicidal self-injury in females diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - a narrative review

Todzia-Kornaś,

Szczegielniak,

Gondek

2023

Current Opinion in Psychiatry

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Purpose of review Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder and is associated with an increased risk of suicidal behavior, especially in females. The differences in the presentation of ADHD in females, factors contributing to suicidality and the effects of therapeutic interventions are presented in this review to highlight the relationship between ADHD and suicidality and self-harm behavior. Recent findings Impulsivity, an inherent symptom of ADHD, commonly acts as a risk factor of suicidality and is associated with both suicidal behavior and nonsuicidal self-injury. The combined subtype of ADHD, which typically is characterized by significant impulsivity, is linked with the highest vulnerability to suicide attempts. Female gender, lower educational attainment, comorbid substance abuse, a history of depression, and experience of childhood maltreatment were singled out as distinct factors that were independently linked to lifetime suicide attempts. Summary The association of the ADHD and suicidality is gaining an increasing interest in recent years. Active suicide prevention is required in this population and it is crucial for clinicians and researchers to have access to the most current information in this field.

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The Dark Side of ADHD: Factors Associated With Suicide Attempts Among Those With ADHD in a National Representative Canadian Sample

Cited by 17 publications

References 84 publications

Risk factors of suicidal spectrum behaviors in adults and adolescents with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder – a systematic review

Risk factors of suicidal spectrum behaviors in adults and adolescents with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder – a systematic review

Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Suicide: A Narrative Review

Suicidality and nonsuicidal self-injury in females diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - a narrative review

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