The daily evaporation rate test and conversion method for a new independent type B LNG mock-up tank

Niu, Wenlu; Lin, Jichao; Ju, Yonglin; Fu, Yunzhun

doi:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2020.103168

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Only three types of materials are currently available: Al alloy steel, austenitic steel (STS304, STS316, etc. ), and 9% Ni steel [8,9]. In addition, high-manganese austenitic steel was recently developed and applied to an LNG storage tank.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Welding Residual Stress Distribution in Dissimilar Weld Joints

Park

Lim

et al. 2022

Metals

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For the construction of ecofriendly ships, fuels such as liquefied natural gas (LNG), ammonia, and hydrogen are being discussed as alternatives. LNG fuel has recently been applied to shipbuilding. The most important aspect of an LNG propulsion ship is the LNG storage tank, because LNG is stored at a high pressure and low temperature. Cryogenic steels are needed to evaluate safety in weld joints, especially the LNG storage tank which has a dissimilar weld joint with a STS pipe. The dissimilar weld joint has a complex welding residual stress distribution. It is necessary to evaluate the effects of temperature changes that occur during the loading–unloading process of LNG. In this study, the residual stress distribution characteristics of heterogeneous welding parts welded to STS pipes using 9% Ni steel, STS, and high-manganese austenitic steel in an LNG storage tank were investigated through experimental and analytical methods. The thermal stress due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between cryogenic steel and the STS pipe occurred with a small amount in loading–unloading of LNG. When high-manganese austenitic steels and the STS pipe were joined, tensile stress was generated at the dissimilar weld joint owing to the temperature difference generated during the LNG loading–unloading process. STS has a homogenous weld joint and identical thermal expansion coefficients; therefore, the shrinkage and expansion were not affected by the temperature change. The welding residual stress at the dissimilar weld joints was measured via an experimental cutting method, and the results indicated that the tensile residual stress had distribution similar to the yield stress of the material. The stress generated by the temperature change and the welding residual stress overlapped and occurred during the loading–unloading process of the LNG tank; however, the final tensile stress below the tensile stress was distributed in the storage tank.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Welding Residual Stress Distribution in Dissimilar Weld Joints

Park

Lim

et al. 2022

Metals

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“…Instead, heat for evaporation mainly derives from the heat transfer from liquid [9,15,16]. In experimental studies, Niu et al [17] investigated the evaporation in type B containers using a 1:1000 scaled model. Lin et al [15] proposed a practical approach to predict BOG rate in a type C container based on a scaled model experimental study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of Ship Motion Effect on Pressurization and Holding Time of Tank Containers during Marine Transportation

Yin

Yue

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is the cleanest fossil fuel available, producing less carbon emissions and fewer pollutants than other fossil fuels. Marine transportation is a key process in the LNG supply chain. The use of tank containers, which are portable equipment, can effectively facilitate multi-mode transportation. LNG evaporation causes pressurization, which is a safety concern during transportation. Ship motion and environmental temperature are the main factors affecting pressure variations. In this study, the effect of ship motion on pressurization and holding time was investigated through three types of experiments, namely, prototype, field, and self-pressurization experiments. The results showed that while increased boil-off gas was generated due to ship motion, this evaporation remained stable in dynamic cases. Higher evaporation rates were obtained under more severe dynamic conditions, and the holding time was shortened. The two different effects of ship motion on pressure development discussed here are the facilitation of pressurization due to the enhancement of heat transfer and the prevention of pressurization due to gas condensation at the vapor–liquid interface. These two effects show varied levels of predominance over the pressure variations depending on different stages of transportation. The holding time in the experiments was able to reach 87 days under the most severe condition, which is long enough for long-term shipping; the safety of transporting LNG in tank containers is further discussed based on the experimental results herein.

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Simulation analysis and field verification of static evaporation characteristics of full-scale LNG storage tanks

Li,

Zhang,

Feng

et al. 2024

Applied Thermal Engineering

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The daily evaporation rate test and conversion method for a new independent type B LNG mock-up tank

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Characteristics of Welding Residual Stress Distribution in Dissimilar Weld Joints

Characteristics of Welding Residual Stress Distribution in Dissimilar Weld Joints

Experimental Study of Ship Motion Effect on Pressurization and Holding Time of Tank Containers during Marine Transportation

Simulation analysis and field verification of static evaporation characteristics of full-scale LNG storage tanks

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