We demonstrated that rat kinin B 1 receptors displayed a ligand-independent constitutive activity, assessed through inositol phosphate production in transiently or stably transfected human embryonic kidney 293A cells. Substitution of Ala for Asn 130 in the third transmembrane domain resulted in additional constitutive activation of the B 1 receptor. The constitutively active mutant N130A receptor could be further activated by the B 1 receptor agonist des-Arg 9 -bradykinin. To gain insights into the physiological function of the B 1 receptor, we have generated transgenic mice overexpressing wild-type and constitutively active mutant receptors under the control of human cytomegalovirus immediately early gene enhancer/promoter. The rat B 1 receptor transgene expression was detected in the aorta, brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney, uterus, and prostate of transgenic mice by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction/Southern blot analysis. Transgenic mice were fertile and normotensive. Overexpression of B 1 receptors exacerbated paw edema induced by carrageenan and rendered transgenic mice more susceptible to lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxic shock. Interestingly, the hemodynamic response to kinins was altered in transgenic mice, with des-Arg 9 -bradykinin inducing blood pressure increase when intravenously administered. Our study supports an important role for B 1 receptors in modulating inflammatory responses and for the first time demonstrates that B 1 receptors mediate a hypertensive response to des-Arg 9 -bradykinin.Kinin peptides are released from kininogen precursors by the action of kallikreins in response to tissue injury (1). Kinins induce smooth muscle contraction, vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and pain (1). Kinins exert their effects through selective activation of two seven-transmembrane domain (TMD) 1 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), B 1 and B 2 (2-4). The B 2 receptor is constitutively expressed, mediating the actions of intact kinins, bradykinin (BK) in rodents and Lys-BK or kallidin in humans (2). In contrast, the B 1 receptor is expressed at very low levels in normal tissues in most animal species but is induced under the influence of inflammation or exposure of tissues to noxious stimuli, mediating the effects of the carboxypeptidase metabolites of intact kinins, des-Arg 9 -BK (DABK), and des-Arg 10 -kallidin (2). The cellular responses of kinin receptors to agonists are transduced primarily via coupling to either G q protein, which in turn activates phospholipase C to stimulate inositol phosphate production, or the G i protein, acting through phospholipase A 2 to stimulate arachidonic acid pathway (5, 6).Over the past years, transgenic and gene-targeting technologies associated with molecular biology tools have provided important knowledge concerning the role of kinin receptors in vivo. Transgenic mice expressing the human B 2 receptor under the control of the Rous sarcoma virus 3Ј-long terminal repeat promoter were hypotensive compared with control littermates (7). Adm...