The Cytotoxic Activity of Annona muricata Linn Leaves Ethanolic Extract (AMEE) on T47D Breast Cancer Cell Line

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women throughout the world, with new cases and deaths which continue to increase. Soursop leaves (Annona muricata L) have been used extensively in traditional medicine, including cancer. Acetogenin, alkaloids, and phenols contained in soursop leaves are known to have anti-cancer effects. Among them, acetogenin has the most dominant role and reported to have a cytotoxic effect on various cancer cell lines. This study aims to determine the cytotoxic activity of soursop leaf ethanol extract on T47D breast cancer cell line. Measurement of cytotoxic activity was carried out by the MTT method, and the viability percentage of T47D cells was calculated based on the absorbance values in the treatment, cell control, and media control groups of each replicate. The correlation between extract concentration and viability percentage of the T47D cell line was outlined in the regression equation to obtain the IC50 value. IC50 values of 109.91 ± 3.04 with R values 0.975 and R2 0.9508 obtained. R values close to 1 indicated a strong correlation between extract concentration and the percentage of living T47D cells. Meanwhile, the amount of R2 suggested that the level of AMEE had a 95.08% influence on the rate of cell viability, and the other 4.92% influenced by factors other than the AMEE dose. These results indicated that the ethanol extract of soursop leaves has a cytotoxic effect and has the potential to inhibit T47D cell proliferation in vitro.

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“…13 +2 +2 +2 +1 +2 +2 +2 +1 +1,75 1 Low Risk of Bias Fertilita, dkk. 14 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +1 +1,875 1 Low Risk of Bias Suhendar U. 15 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +1 +1,875 1 Low Risk of Bias Ibrahim A.A., dkk.…”

“… Fertilita, dkk. 14 2020 S2 Annona muricata (Soursop) Note: Ethanol extract East Java T47D cell Breast cancer MTT Assay Decreases BCL2 protein regulation, increases Bax, inhibits mitochondrial I complexes, and inhibits NADH ubiquinone-oxidase on the plasma membrane of cancer cells causing apoptosis The IC50 value of Annona muricata leaf ethanol extract against T47D cancer cells was 109.91±3.04 μg/mL Soursop (Annona muricata) leaf ethanol extract has the potential to inhibit the proliferation of T47D cancer cells 3. Suhendar U.…”

“…Soursop has the potential to be anti-cancer 14 , 15 , 17–19 , 31 because it contains various compounds such as flavonoids, AGEs , and alkaloids that have anticancer capabilities. AGEs have the ability to inhibit mitochondrial complex I which can inhibit the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), resulting in a decrease in ATP in cancer cells so that it can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of cancer cells.…”

The use of medicinal plants for combating breast cancer: A comprehensive review

“…Also, Daddiouaissa et al (2019) found that A. muricata fruit ionic liquid extract displayed an anti-proliferative effect on MCF-7 breast tumor cell lines by inducing apoptosis, arresting the cell cycle and lowering the number of new cells generated. Ethanolic extract of A. muricata inhibits T47D cell proliferation (Fertilita et al 2020), stimulates mitochondrial cell death, inhibits cell growth, & reduces cellular motility in MDA cells (Kim et al 2018). The IC50 value of the methanolic extract of A. muricata leaves was 85.55 g/mL against the MCF-7 cell line (Naik and Sellappan 2021).…”

Cytotoxic test of different solvents of soursop (Annona muricata) leaf extract against HSC-3 cell line

“…9 Flavonoids were found to induce apoptosis more strongly than the clinically proven anti-tumour agent Camptothecin. 10,11 A previous study showed the cytotoxic activity of A. muricata leaf extract with ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane fractions against cervical cancer (HeLa) cell lines at concentrations of 1.5 µg/mL, 3.125 µg/mL, 6.25 µg/mL, 12.5 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL. 12 The leaves of the A. muricata have been investigated extensively for their diverse pharmacological applications and were found to be superior for their anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties.…”