The Cytoskeleton, apoptosis, and gene expression in T lymphocytes and other mammalian cells exposed to altered gravity

Lewis, Marian L.

doi:10.1016/s1569-2574(02)08016-4

Cited by 44 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…During the past decades, the sensation of gravity by cells has been investigated in many systems (Bräucker and Hemmersbach, 2002;Häder et al, 2005;Hughes-Fulford and Lewis, 1996;Lewis, 2002;Sievers and Volkmann, 1979). By the end of the 19th century, negative gravitaxis in Paramecium had been described as a movement anti-parallel to the direction of gravity (Verworn, 1889).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gravikinesis inStylonychia mytilusis based on membrane potential changes

Krause

Bräucker

Hemmersbach

2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gravikinesis inStylonychia mytilusis based on membrane potential changes

Krause

Bräucker

Hemmersbach

2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Especially for T lymphocytes, it is known that exposure of cells in culture to actual or modelled low gravity is often accompanied by a major inhibitory effect, remarkably reducing their mitogenic activation process (Cogoli et al 1984) and severely altering growth rate, cytokine production, gene expression, cytoskeletal structures, and motility (for reviews, see Cogoli 1993Cogoli and Cogoli-Greuter 1997;Lewis 2002;Cogoli-Greuter 2004). Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that human lymphocytes are forced to apoptosis in modelled low gravity, through a pathway based on calciumdependent 5-LOX activation, mitochondrial membrane disruption, and cytochrome c release, followed by caspase activation and cell death (Maccarrone et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoskeleton changes and impaired motility of monocytes at modelled low gravity

et al. 2006

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Summary. Investigations performed in space have shown that gravity changes affect important cellular mechanisms like proliferation, differentiation, genetic expression, cytoskeletal architecture, and motility in lymphocytes, monocytes, and other mammalian cells. In particular, a dramatic depression of the mitogenic in vitro activation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes was observed at low gravity. The hypothesis of the present work is that a reduced interaction between T lymphocytes and monocytes, essential for the second signalling pathway, might be one of the reasons for the observed depression of the in vitro activation of human lymphocytes. Cell motility and with it a continuous rearrangement of the cytoskeletal network within the cell is essential for cell-tocell contacts. Whereas nonactivated lymphocytes in suspension are highly motile at low gravity, no data are available so far on the motility of adherent monocytes. It thus can be argued that impaired monocyte locomotion and cytoskeletal changes could be responsible for a reduced interaction of monocytes with T lymphocytes. In this study, the locomotion ability of J-111 cells, an adherent monocyte cell line, attached to colloidal gold particles on coverslips and exposed to modelled low gravity in the random positioning machine was found to be severely reduced compared with that of controls and the structures of actin, tubulin, and vinculin were affected.

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“…Experiments on human epithelial (MCF-7), human lymphocyte (Jurkat), glial, rat utricular hair cells, and thyroid carcinoma cells, cultured under conditions of weightlessness show substantial reductions in microtubule organisation compared with those at 1g [10,43,[45][46][47][48][49][50]. These observations, consistent with the effect of weightlessness on the selforganisation of microtubules in vitro, thus raise the possibility that they arise from similar physical chemical processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Based upon this argument, one might expect that circular or spherical shaped cells and embryos would show a stronger gravity dependence than strongly elongated cells such as neurons. Cells of the immune system, many of which are spheroidal, are often reported as showing a gravity dependence [10,43]. The early stages in development of xenopus, zebra fish and chicken embryos show a g ravity dependence [2,3,44] and they are likewise close to spherical.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of weightlessness on colloidal particle transport and segregation in self-organising microtubule preparations

Tabony

Rigotti

Glade

et al. 2007

Biophysical Chemistry

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Cortès. Effect of weightlessness on colloidal particle transport and segregation in self-organising microtubule preparations. Biophysical Chemistry, Elsevier, 2007, 127 (3) This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT ABSTRACTWeightlessness is known to effect cellular functions by as yet undetermined processes.Many experiments indicate a role of the cytoskeleton and microtubules. Under appropriate conditions in vitro microtubule preparations behave as a complex system that self-organises by a combination of reaction and diffusion. This process also results in the collective transport and organisation of any colloidal particles present. In large centimetre-sized samples, selforganisation does not occur when samples are exposed to a brief early period of weightlessness. Here, we report both space-flight and ground-based (clinorotation) experiments on the effect of w eightlessness on the transport and segregation of colloidal particles and chromosomes. In centimetre-sized containers, both methods show that a brief initial period of weightlessness strongly inhibits particle transport. In miniature cell-sized containers under normal gravity conditions, the particle transport that self-organisation causes results in their accumulation into segregated regions of high and low particle density. The gravity dependence of this behaviour is strongly shape dependent. In square wells, neither self-organisation nor particle transport and segregation occur under conditions of weightlessness. On the contrary, in rectangular canals, both phenomena are largely unaffected by weightlessness. These observations suggest, depending on factors such as cell and embryo shape, that major biological functions associated with microtubule driven particle transport and organisation might be strongly perturbed by weightlessness.

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The Cytoskeleton, apoptosis, and gene expression in T lymphocytes and other mammalian cells exposed to altered gravity

Cited by 44 publications

References 102 publications

Gravikinesis inStylonychia mytilusis based on membrane potential changes

Gravikinesis inStylonychia mytilusis based on membrane potential changes

Cytoskeleton changes and impaired motility of monocytes at modelled low gravity

Effect of weightlessness on colloidal particle transport and segregation in self-organising microtubule preparations

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