The cytoskeleton and connected elements in bone cell mechano-transduction

Gould, Nicole R.; Torre, Olivia M.; Leser, Jenna; Stains, Joseph P.

doi:10.1016/j.bone.2021.115971

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 215 publications

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“…For example, since the actin cytoskeleton is physically connected to the extracellular matrix through integrins and other transmembrane proteins, it follows that external mechanical forces such as pressure, shear force, and stretching would be transmitted to the actin networks. Internal mechanical forces generated by myosin contraction would also influence the conformation of the actin networks [90][91][92][93][94]. However, the need to reconstitute internal or external mechanical stress in vitro while quantifying protein-protein interactions remains a major obstacle to progress in this field of research.…”

Section: How Mechanical Forces Influence the Actin Cytoskeletonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actin-Associated Proteins and Small Molecules Targeting the Actin Cytoskeleton

Gao,

Nakamura

2022

IJMS

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Actin-associated proteins (AAPs) act on monomeric globular actin (G-actin) and polymerized filamentous actin (F-actin) to regulate their dynamics and architectures which ultimately control cell movement, shape change, division; organelle localization and trafficking. Actin-binding proteins (ABPs) are a subset of AAPs. Since actin was discovered as a myosin-activating protein (hence named actin) in 1942, the protein has also been found to be expressed in non-muscle cells, and numerous AAPs continue to be discovered. This review article lists all of the AAPs discovered so far while also allowing readers to sort the list based on the names, sizes, functions, related human diseases, and the dates of discovery. The list also contains links to the UniProt and Protein Atlas databases for accessing further, related details such as protein structures, associated proteins, subcellular localization, the expression levels in cells and tissues, mutations, and pathology. Because the actin cytoskeleton is involved in many pathological processes such as tumorigenesis, invasion, and developmental diseases, small molecules that target actin and AAPs which hold potential to treat these diseases are also listed.

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Section: How Mechanical Forces Influence the Actin Cytoskeletonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actin-Associated Proteins and Small Molecules Targeting the Actin Cytoskeleton

Gao,

Nakamura

2022

IJMS

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“…Notably, in vitro experiments revealed that osteoblasts exposed to significant changes in the mechanical environment exhibited shorter microtubules, thinner cortical actin, thinner stress fibers, smaller and fewer number of focal adhesions. Therefore, the cytoskeleton, which consists of three major components, actin microfilaments, microtubule filaments, and intermediate filaments, has the potential to act as a mechano-sensor [ 69 ]. Furthermore, space-flown osteoblasts adopted extended cell shapes, were more disrupted, and often contained fragmented or condensed cell nuclei [ 70 ].…”

Section: Osteoblastic and Osteoclastic Cell Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociation of Bone Resorption and Formation in Spaceflight and Simulated Microgravity: Potential Role of Myokines and Osteokines?

2022

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The dissociation of bone formation and resorption is an important physiological process during spaceflight. It also occurs during local skeletal unloading or immobilization, such as in people with neuromuscular disorders or those who are on bed rest. Under these conditions, the physiological systems of the human body are perturbed down to the cellular level. Through the absence of mechanical stimuli, the musculoskeletal system and, predominantly, the postural skeletal muscles are largely affected. Despite in-flight exercise countermeasures, muscle wasting and bone loss occur, which are associated with spaceflight duration. Nevertheless, countermeasures can be effective, especially by preventing muscle wasting to rescue both postural and dynamic as well as muscle performance. Thus far, it is largely unknown how changes in bone microarchitecture evolve over the long term in the absence of a gravity vector and whether bone loss incurred in space or following the return to the Earth fully recovers or partly persists. In this review, we highlight the different mechanisms and factors that regulate the humoral crosstalk between the muscle and the bone. Further we focus on the interplay between currently known myokines and osteokines and their mutual regulation.

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“…Según Frost, el control retroalimentado de la eficiencia mecánica ósea está a cargo del sistema qué él propuso como 'mecanostato óseo' (12). Su mecanismo de acción está centrado en los osteocitos, que sensan las deformaciones del tejido en forma direccional, y, en función de esa información, envían mensajes estimulantes o inhibitorios a los osteoblastos u osteoclastos vecinos (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). De este modo se adecuaría la necesaria proporcionalidad entre la rigidez del tejido mineralizado (lineal) a su mineralización, pero también dependiente de la direccionalidad de sus componentes microestructurales (21-24) y su distribución en el espacio (diseño óseo) (25,26).…”

Section: Antecedentesunclassified

“…Los osteocitos serían capaces no sólo de medir ese estrés, sino también de determinar su direccionalidad, a través de la deformación concomitante de sus membranas (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)19,20,49). Este estímulo resulta de la acción de una fuerza de 'deslizamiento' o 'de corte' (shear), similar a la ejercida por una persona sobre las hojas de un libro, parada sobre él y haciendo girar su cuerpo.…”

Section: Las Nuevas Concepcionesunclassified

Mecanostato’ óseo, direccionalidad, y genes ancestrales

Cointry

2022

Rev Fac Cs Méd UNR

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Los huesos móviles autocontrolan su rigidez estructural (y con ella su resistencia a la fractura) por un servomecanismo que actúa a niveles celular y tisular de complejidad, llamado ‘mecanostato’ óseo. El sistema fue concebido por HM Frost como adaptado al mantenimiento de un ‘factor de seguridad’ de entre 6 y 10 respecto del riesgo de la producción de fracturas, en relación con la reacción estructural ósea a esfuerzos fisiológicos máximos. Estudios recientes sugieren que esta aptitud regulatoria del mecanostato óseos se podría ampliar, comprendiendo también el control de otras propiedades estructurales óseas, más relacionadas con la supervivencia (‘selectivamente positivas’) que con el riesgo de fracturas. La nueva concepción jerarquiza la direccionalidad de la estimulación mecánica terapéutica sobre la estructura ósea. Se exponen los criterios que avalan esta proposición, con argumentos propios y ajenos.

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The cytoskeleton and connected elements in bone cell mechano-transduction

Cited by 26 publications

References 215 publications

Actin-Associated Proteins and Small Molecules Targeting the Actin Cytoskeleton

Actin-Associated Proteins and Small Molecules Targeting the Actin Cytoskeleton

Dissociation of Bone Resorption and Formation in Spaceflight and Simulated Microgravity: Potential Role of Myokines and Osteokines?

Mecanostato’ óseo, direccionalidad, y genes ancestrales

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