The Cytological Features of Invasive Adenocarcinoma of the Cervix Uteri

Ayer, B; Pacey, N.F.; Greenberg, Merle L.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2303.1991.tb00404.x

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Tumor necrosis/diathesis was abundant in 2 smears (7.7%), easily seen in a further 2 (7.7%), minimal in 4 (15.4%), and absent in 18 smears (69.2%). The cytologic criteria of adenocarcinoma in situ [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] were present in most cases (Table 3). Additional cytologic features associated with invasive adenocarcinomas include small papillary groups, 3-dimensional clusters, cell dispersal, marked nuclear pleomorphism, and macronucleoli.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional cytologic features associated with invasive adenocarcinomas include small papillary groups, 3-dimensional clusters, cell dispersal, marked nuclear pleomorphism, and macronucleoli. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] These were prominent in a minority of cases. Small papillary groups (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Criteria suggested as useful in cytologic diagnosis were tabulated (Table 3). [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] ; possible invasive squamous carcinoma 2 2 2 2 A I S 2 1 2 3 AIS and CIS 1 3 1 3 Inconclusive: possible HGEA 9 3 9 6 Endocervical glandular 3 0 3 1 Indeterminate cell type 5 2 5 3 Glandular and squamous cells 0 0 0 1 Squamous 1 1 b 1 1 b Low grade epithelial abnormality 0 0 3 3 Non-specific minor changes Endocervical glandular 0 0 3 2 Squamous 0 0 0 1 Negative for dysplasia and malignancy 3 1 11 3 No abnormal cells 3 1 11 3 Unsatisfactory for evaluation 1 1 1 2 Insufficient squamous cells 1 1 1 2 TOTAL 24 24 36 36 HGEA: high grade epithelial abnormality; AIS: adenocarcinoma in situ; CIS: squamous carcinoma in situ. a One slide was not available for later review, initially repo...…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adenocarcinoma of the cervix

Schoolland¹,

Allpress²,

Sterrett³

2002

Cancer

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BACKGROUND.The current study examines 1) the sensitivity of detection of invasive adenocarcinoma of the cervix in a routine cervical screening service, and 2) the frequency in smears of cytologic criteria previously found to be useful in diagnosis. METHODS. RESULTS.Thirty-six smears from 24 women were reviewed. Of those, 58.3% had been reported as a possible or definite high grade epithelial abnormality (HGEA). On review it was thought that this could be improved to 77.8%. The screening or diagnostic error was thus 19.4% and the sampling error 22.2%. The likelihood of an individual woman receiving a report of a possible or definite HGEA in the three years before biopsy was 83.3%. In retrospect this could have been improved to 91.7%. Heavy bloodstaining with abundant abnormal glandular epithelium (14 smears) and small three-dimensional or papillary clusters (16 smears) were the most frequent clues to invasion.Tumor necrosis/diathesis was present in eight smears, but easily seen in only four, while marked nuclear pleomorphism and macronucleoli were seen in three and one smears respectively. In cases with a discrepancy between the initial and the review findings, very small amounts of abnormal material (three smears), a resemblance to endometrial cells (one smear), and an unusual appearance of folded monolayered sheets (three smears) contributed to the difficulty of diagnosis.CONCLUSIONS. There were significant sampling and screening/diagnostic errors (22.2% and 19.4%, respectively). Screening and diagnostic errors could perhaps be reduced by a greater awareness of the range of cytologic changes, but these may be subtle. Heavy bloodstaining with abundant abnormal glandular material may be a useful clue to invasive, rather than in situ, adenocarcinoma, even in the absence of tumor diathesis or fully malignant nuclear criteria. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2002;96:5-13.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adenocarcinoma of the cervix

Schoolland¹,

Allpress²,

Sterrett³

2002

Cancer

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“…The cytological features of CGIN and invasive adenocarcinoma are well described 8,9 . In CGIN, cervical smears classically show abundant endocervical cellular material with abnormal architecture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A retrospective clinical audit of cervical smears reported as ‘glandular neoplasia’

et al. 2004

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The aims of this study were to review the diagnostic pathway of women with smears reported as 'glandular neoplasia' and to outline the management, colposcopy findings, treatment and final histological diagnosis in these women. The design was a retrospective review. A total of 114 women were identified over a 5-year period from the cytology database at the Royal Liverpool University Hospital Cytology Department, whose hospital case notes were available for review. Methods included a review of the case notes for the demographic details, indication for smear, colposcopic findings, investigation and/or treatment procedures, histology, final diagnosis and current disease status. Of 114 smears reported as 'glandular neoplasia', 67 were reported as consistent with cervical glandular intra-epithelial neoplasia (CGIN), six with endocervical adenocarcinoma, 36 with endometrial adenocarcinoma and five with other glandular neoplastic abnormalities. The average age was 46.5 years. 79 (69.3%) smears were routine call/recall and 36 (30.7%) women were symptomatic. The positive predictive value (PPV) for a significant histological abnormality in the CGIN smear group was 80.6% (23.9% invasive carcinomas, 43.3% CGIN and 13.4% CIN) and the PPV of an 'endometrial adenocarcinoma' smear was 86.1%. Smears indicating glandular neoplasia are associated with a high probability of clinically significant lesions, the PPV of a CGIN smear being over 80%. Immediate referral for colposcopy and assessment by an experienced colposcopist is recommended.

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“…Tumor necrosis/diathesis was abundant in 2 smears (7.7%), easily seen in a further 2 (7.7%), minimal in 4 (15.4%), and absent in 18 smears (69.2%). The cytologic criteria of adenocarcinoma in situ5–18 were present in most cases (Table 3). Additional cytologic features associated with invasive adenocarcinomas include small papillary groups, 3‐dimensional clusters, cell dispersal, marked nuclear pleomorphism, and macronucleoli 5–18.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bibliomining for automated collection development in a digital library setting: Using data mining to discover Web‐based scholarly research works

Nicholson

2003

J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci.

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Nicholson, S. (2003). Bibliomining for automated collection development in a digital library setting: Using data mining to discover web-based scholarly research works. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 54(12). 1081-1090. program was designed to analyze a Web page for each criterion and applied to a large collection of scholarly and non-scholarly Web pages. Bibliomining, or data mining for libraries, was then used to create different classification models. Four techniques were used: logistic regression, non-parametric discriminant analysis, classification trees, and neural networks. Accuracy and return were used to judge the effectiveness of each model on test datasets. In addition, a set of problematic pages that were difficult to classify because of their similarity to scholarly research was gathered and classified using the models. Bibliomining for Automated Collection Development in a DigitalThe resulting models could be used in the selection process to automatically create a digital library of Webbased scholarly research works. In addition, the technique can be extended to create a digital library of any type of structured electronic information.

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The Cytological Features of Invasive Adenocarcinoma of the Cervix Uteri

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Adenocarcinoma of the cervix

Adenocarcinoma of the cervix

A retrospective clinical audit of cervical smears reported as ‘glandular neoplasia’

Bibliomining for automated collection development in a digital library setting: Using data mining to discover Web‐based scholarly research works

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