The cytochrome oxidase subunit I and subunit III genes in <i>Oenothera</i>
 mitochondria are transcribed from identical promoter sequences

Hiesel, Rudolf; Schöbel, Wolfgang A.; Schuster, W.; Brennicke, Axel

doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb04714.x

Cited by 198 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Two primers were designed corresponding to two regions of the cytochrome oxidase subunit III gene (coxIII) that are conserved between angiosperms and the moss Physcomitrella (15,19,20). The first nucleotides of the primers 5'-GTAGATCCAAGTCCATG-GCCT-3' and 5'-GCATGATGGGCCCAAGTTACGGC-3' align with nt 34 and 458, respectively, ofthe Oenothera coxIll sequence (20). The intervening sequence fragments were amplified from total DNA preparations and from first-strand cDNA, respectively, with 30 cycles of 1 min at 94°C, 2 min at 60°C, and 4 min at 72°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for RNA editing in mitochondria of all major groups of land plants except the Bryophyta.

Hiesel

Combettes

Brennicke

1994

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

109

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RNA editing has been documented in mitochondria of higher plants, notably dicots and monocots. To determine the distribution of mitochondrial RNA editing in the plant kingdom, we have now undertaken a survey of evolutionarily distant plants. RNA editing occurs in all major groups of land plants except the Bryophyta, suggesting that this process is an ancient trait that was established before the radiation of kormophyte plants. No editing is observed in representatives of the green algae, suggesting that editing arose in early land plants after the split of the Bryophyta or has been lost selectively in both algae and mosses. In ferns several U -* C changes are observed, one of which eliminates a genomically encoded UAA termination codon and creates a functional open reading frame.RNA editing has been observed in mitochondria and chloroplasts of angiosperm plants belonging to the Dicotyledonae and Monocotyledonae (1-3). In both organelles specific cytidines of the primary transcripts are altered to uridines in the mature mRNAs. Only a few instances of editing have been found in chloroplasts (4-6), whereas numerous editing events have been documented in mitochondria of higher plants for almost all mRNAs investigated (7-11). In the more thoroughly investigated higher plant species, all of the open reading frames encoding conserved functional polypeptides appear to be edited to some extent and the total number of editing sites documented amounts to 294 in wheat (11) and to >400 in Oenothera (10). The observed effect ofthis extensive editing on the encoded polypeptide sequences suggests that many of the higher plant mitochondrial genes would not encode functionally competent products without appropriate "correction" by RNA editing.Mitochondrial RNA editing has been reported in a number of angiosperm species, including the monocots wheat and maize and the dicots Oenothera, Sorghum, Petunia, Daucus, and Arabidopsis (7-11). The observation of analogous RNA editing in both monocots and dicots suggests that the origin of this process predates the divergence of the two lineages and is generally present in angiosperms. Recently, RNA editing has also been described in the gymnosperm Thuja (12). However, none of the plant species presumed to be closer to the evolutionary origin of flowering plants has been investigated. The only mitochondrial sequence data available allowing any inference about the need of RNA editing in nonflowering plants are from two bryophytes.Analysis of protein sequences deduced from the complete genomic nucleotide sequence of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha (13) and comparison of several cDNA and genomic DNA sequences (14) did not show any evidence of RNA editing. Genomic sequence analysis of a mitochondrial gene in the moss Physcomitrella patens (15) allows a similar deduction, suggesting that RNA editing might not occur in mitochondria of the two bryophytes.The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "adve...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for RNA editing in mitochondria of all major groups of land plants except the Bryophyta.

Hiesel

Combettes

Brennicke

1994

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

109

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“…Position 102 represents another example of the alteration that modifies a genomic arginine triplet CGG to UGG, where tryptophan is conserved in nonplant species polypeptides (Table II), as well as in monocot plants. A genomic TGG has been found in fact at the same position in the wheat (9), maize (15), rice (12) mitochondrial genomic sequences, whereas a genomic CGG codon is found at the same position in all the dicot coxIII genes analyzed so far (6,10,13). Editing at position 102, which does occur in sunflower, is probably also required in the other dicots coxIII mRNAs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA Editing of Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit III in Sunflower Mitochondria

Saiardi

Quagliariello²

1992

Plant Physiol.

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Direct sequencing of cytochrome oxidase subunit IlIl (coxIll) mRNA with a specific primer confirms RNA editing in sunflower (Helianthus annus) mitochondria. Six instances of mRNA editing could be verified, one of these specific to this species. All the editing events involve C to U transitions in the coxill mRNA causing codon changes that lead to amino acids better conserved in evolution than those encoded in the genomic DNA. This observation confirms RNA editing to be widespread in higher plant mitochondria.analyses confirmed mRNA editing alterations at the protein level, this process seems to be essential for the correct expression of plant mitochondrial protein genes (1, 7). Recently, nucleotide and amino acid sequence comparisons of the positions shown to be edited in Oenothera (11) and wheat (9) coxIII2 cDNA led us to predict that editing is also required in sunflower (Helianthus annuus Gloriasol) mitochondria to synthesize an evolutionarily conserved, functional COXIII ( 16). To test these predictions we determined the sequence of a selected region in the coxlll mRNA from sunflower mitochondria by reverse transcriptase sequencing with a specific primer.The term RNA editing is used to describe any process that results in the production of a messenger RNA with a nucleotide sequence different from its own DNA template. RNA editing seems to be operative in a wide range of biological systems likely as a specific control point of gene expression, though both the nature of the modification and the mechanisms proposed vary considerably.The phenomenon was first discovered in the mitochondria of kinetoplastid trypanosomes (2, 18) where the mRNAs contain insertions or deletions of uridine residues relative to the sequence of their genes. Soon thereafter other examples of RNA editing were reported (reviewed in refs. 3 and 19): (a) a single precise, developmentally regulated cytosine to uridine change in mammalian apolipoprotein B mRNA; (b) insertion of one or more guanosine residues in paramyxovirus P mRNA; and (c) most recently, insertion of cytosine residues in Physarum polycephalum mitochondrial mRNAs (14).RNA editing has also been described for several proteincoding genes in higher plant mitochondria (see ref. 20 for a review). All editing events described so far in the plant species investigated, primarily two monocots (wheat, maize) and two dicots (Oenothera, Petunia), involve a individual nucleotide alteration modifying the genome-encoded cytidines to uridines (4, 5, 8, l 1) and in a few cases the genomic thymidines to cytidines (9, 17). Because most of the nucleotide conversions result in modifications of the codons which then specify amino acids that are conserved in the mitochondrial proteins of non-plant organisms, it appear that RNA editing in plant mitochondria plays a role in the conservation of protein sequences during evolution (8).Moreover, as amino acid composition and peptide sequence 'Supported by the Ministero della Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica (M.U.R.S.T., 60% and 40% Funds). 1261 ...

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“…Fractions 9 through 15 represent the major protein peak and from the polypeptide compositions of the individual fractions it was evident that this was a composite peak of two major overlapping groups of polypeptides. The measured Cyt c oxidation activity suggested that it was only the first of these peaks (fractions [9][10][11][12] The visible absorption spectra of the air oxidized and the dithionite-reduced enzyme are shown in Figure 3. The characteristic a-band of Cyt c oxidase at 600 nm was clearly visible in the reduced spectrum and allowed the calculation of a haem content of 7 nm mg-' for the enzyme as eluted from the Mono Q column.…”

Section: Silver Staining Of Gelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polypeptides that copurify with the maize Cyt c oxidase enzyme activity have been compared directly with a yeast Cyt c oxidase preparation, and the cross-reactivities of a number of antibodies prepared against yeast and sweet potato Cyt c oxidase subunits were assessed. Information on the polypeptide structure of maize Cyt c oxidase will complement our knowledge ofthe structure and sequence ofthe corresponding genes which have been isolated, predominantly from maize, in this laboratory and others (7,10,11,19). The availability of both gene and antibody probes for the components of Cyt c oxidase will allow a detailed analysis of the regulation of expression of this important enzyme during plant development.…”

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confidence: 93%