The cytidine deaminase APOBEC3G drives cancer mutagenesis and clonal evolution in bladder cancer

Abstract

Mutagenic processes leave distinct signatures in cancer genomes. The mutational signatures attributed to APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases are pervasive in human cancers. However, data linking individual APOBEC3 proteins to cancer mutagenesis in vivo are limited. Here, we show that transgenic expression of human APOBEC3G promotes mutagenesis, genomic instability, and kataegis, leading to shorter survival in a murine bladder cancer model. Acting as mutagenic fuel, APOBEC3G increases the clonal diversity of bladder cancers, driving divergent cancer evolution. We characterize the single base substitution signature induced by APOBEC3G in vivo, showing the induction of a mutational signature different from that caused by APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B. Analysis of thousands of human cancers reveals the contribution of APOBEC3G to the mutational profiles of multiple cancer types, including bladder cancer. Our findings define the role of APOBEC3G in cancer mutagenesis and clonal heterogeneity. These results potentially inform future therapeutic efforts that restrict tumor evolution.

APOBEC3G protects the genome of human cultured cells and mice from radiation‐induced damage

“…This notion is supported by: (a) in vitro experiments showing that in the presence of A3G, Klenow fragment DNA polymerase accomplishes the synthesis of both DNA strands containing minimal homology of two bases [39,61]; (b) A3G undergoes intersegmental transfer [56,62], allowing it to directly juxtapose two ssDNA termini with minimal terminal microhomology leading to error‐free NHEJ and if juxtaposes along the resected ssDNA it will generate error prone‐NHEJ. Others and we showed that A3G, albeit its predominant cytoplasmic protein, can translocate, reside and act in the nuclei [25,39,45,63–66] pointing at its potential to interact with damaged DNA in the cell genome.…”