The cyclical nature of prepubertal growth

Butler, Gary; Mckie, Mark; Ratcliffe, S G

doi:10.1080/03014469000000952

Cited by 113 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This could be due to factors like genetics, nutrition and obesity. A recent systematic review found that excess body weight in infancy advances several pubertal indicators including age at menarche (31). The present analyses corroborates this finding at the hormonal level, as we found that top weight gainers (and overweight) girls initiated hormonal (by LH) puberty 10.8 mo earlier than normal weight gain girls.…”

Section: Ages At Hormonal Onset Of Puberty and Body Compositionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Age at hormonal onset of puberty based on luteinizing hormone, inhibin B, and body composition in preadolescent US girls

et al. 2014

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Background: Hormonal indicators could be useful for detecting early pubertal onset, but there is little research on how they are related to puberty in US girls. We determined median age at hormonal onset of puberty based on luteinizing hormone (LH) and inhibin B (InB) and explored the extent to which body composition moderates this timing process. Methods:We analyzed anthropometric and hormone data of 698 US peri-pubertal girls ages 6-11.99 y who had participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), [1988][1989][1990][1991][1992][1993][1994]. results: Median age of hormonal onset of puberty was 10.43 y by LH and 10.08 y by InB cut-offs (1.04 mIU/ml for LH and 17.89 pg/ml for InB). Postnatal weight gain modulated onset, making it earlier by 10-11 mo among the highest (greater than +1 SD) relative to normal weight gainers. Onset occurred first in nonHispanic black (NHB) girls, 10.08 y (95% confidence interval (CI): 10.07-10.09), followed by Mexican-American (MXAM) at 10.64 y (95% CI: 10.63-10.65), and at 10.66 y (95% CI: 10.66-10.67) for non-Hispanic white (NHW) girls using LH. With InB, onset occurred first in MXAM girls at 9.9 y, and at 10.3 y and 10.4 y for their NHB and NHW peers, respectively. conclusion: Preadolescent weight gain lowers the age at hormonal onset as defined by LH concentrations. Preventing obesity in childhood may also avert the earlier initiation of the maturation process even at the hormonal level. a lthough breast bud palpation has been recommended for assessing puberty in epidemiologic studies (1,2), it is often not feasible in nonclinical settings due to privacy concerns and can be inaccurate in overweight girls. As a result, menarche is frequently used as the only marker of puberty. Although the timing of puberty is influenced by several factors including genetics, nutrition, adiposity, ethnicity, and environmental pollutants (3,4) as well as size at birth (5,6), it also has a strong and obligatory endocrine component. Puberty is triggered by reactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis which stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland, which in turn induce gonadal maturation (7), including inhibin B (InB) secretion by the ovaries. The elevation of LH circulating levels during puberty are of much greater magnitude than the rise of FSH. The changes of InB, an index of ovarian response to gonadotropin, particularly FSH stimulation, have not been well studied. Hence, the changes of both of these hormones can be markers of onset of pubertal hormonal secretion.While hormonal indicators of onset of puberty would be useful for early detection as recommended by an expert panel in 2008 (1,2), there is little research on how pubertal hormones are related with pubertal timing in US children. The availability of nationally representative hormone data (LH, InB), although not a comprehensive set of indicators, for a peri-pubertal sample of US girls provides an opportunity to elu...

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Section: Ages At Hormonal Onset Of Puberty and Body Compositionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Age at hormonal onset of puberty based on luteinizing hormone, inhibin B, and body composition in preadolescent US girls

et al. 2014

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“…Successive measurements of growth velocity are not well correlated because of the cyclical nature of growth over the short (1-yr) and longer term (2-yrs) [25,26]. Given the cyclical nature of growth, control data are essential for any study and, because of the longer-term trends in childhood growth ( fig.…”

Section: Growth During Childhoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the effects of asthma therapy on childhood growth: principles of study design

Price¹,

Hindmarsh²,

Hughes³

et al. 2002

European Respiratory Journal

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“…The greatest annual growth in sitting height in a Taiwanese population [3] was 61 mm (in boys) and 63 mm (in girls) at age 8.5 years, with a second peak of 46 mm in boys (at age 12.5 years) and 32 mm in girls (at age 11.5 years). Sitting height increases are not necessarily synchronized with leg growth [4,5]. Howell et al [6] reported continued growth (about 14 mm increase in sitting height) after skeletal maturity, indicating that the spine continues to grow after cessation of limb growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertebral Height Growth Predominates Over Intervertebral Disc Height Growth in Adolescents With Scoliosis

Stokes

Windisch²

2006

Spine

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Study Design-A cross sectional study of spinal stereo radiographs of adolescents with scoliosis to measure growth.Objective-To determine the relative contributions of the vertebral bodies and the intervertebral discs to the increase in spinal length between T5 to L5 over the age range 7.5 to 20 years.Summary of Background Data-The progression of spinal deformity (scoliosis) is associated with skeletal growth, but the relative roles of asymmetrical growth and remodelling of the vertebrae and discs during adolescent growth is unclear.Methods-An existing database of 406 spinal stereo radiographic studies of 188 adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis, aged between 7.5 and 20 years was used to measure the heights of vertebral bodies and of intervertebral discs and the summation of both (spinal length).Results-Spinal length was observed to increase from about 250 mm to 350 mm over this range of ages. Spinal growth was associated with increase in vertebral height after age 10 years, with minimal if any increase in disc height. The contribution of vertebral and discal height was estimated to be about 17 and 8 mm per year respectively at age 7.5 years, but discal height growth was estimated to be effectively zero after age 12.Conclusion-Spinal growth of patients with scoliosis aged between 10 and 20 years occurs almost exclusively by height increases in the vertebrae, not the discs.Mini-Abstract-Spinal length over the range T5 to L5, and its components due to vertebral height and discal height were measured from 406 spinal stereo radiographic studies of 188 adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis, aged between 7.5 and 20 years. This cross-sectional analysis indicated that after age 10 years spinal growth was associated with increase in vertebral height, with minimal if any increase in disc height.

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The cyclical nature of prepubertal growth

Cited by 113 publications

References 25 publications

Age at hormonal onset of puberty based on luteinizing hormone, inhibin B, and body composition in preadolescent US girls

Age at hormonal onset of puberty based on luteinizing hormone, inhibin B, and body composition in preadolescent US girls

Evaluating the effects of asthma therapy on childhood growth: principles of study design

Vertebral Height Growth Predominates Over Intervertebral Disc Height Growth in Adolescents With Scoliosis

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