The cyclic reorientation of cortical microtubules in epidermal cells of azuki bean epicotyls: the role of actin filaments in the progression of the cycle

Takesue, Kaori; Shibaoka, Hiroh

doi:10.1007/s004250050353

Cited by 61 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the example shown in Figure 9, the microtubule strands showed a net movement from left to right within ‫7ف‬ hr, and then in the next 3 hr, they began moving back to the left. This back and forth movement suggests that the transverse alignment of microtubules is not absolute and static, as has previously been inferred from studies of fixed cells (Takesue and Shibaoka, 1998). We propose that a self-adjusting mechanism exists in elongating cells whereby deviation from the transverse is allowed within certain spatial limits but a net transverse orientation is maintained.…”

Section: Gfp-mbd-decorated Microtubules Retain Their Dynamic Charactersupporting

confidence: 57%

A GFP-MAP4 Reporter Gene for Visualizing Cortical Microtubule Rearrangements in Living Epidermal Cells

Marc¹,

Granger²,

Brincat³

et al. 1998

The Plant Cell

184

267

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

INTRODUCTIONMicrotubules are arranged in different arrays, which perform a variety of essential functions within the cell (Lloyd, 1991). During interphase, microtubules are organized predominately into a cortical array, where they are involved in directing cellulose deposition, which consequently plays a fundamental role in cellular morphogenesis (Giddings and Staehelin, 1991; Cyr, 1994). Individual cortical microtubules are up to 10 m long and are arranged parallel to one another with overlapping ends (Williamson, 1991;Vesk et al., 1994). They may be cross-bridged with other microtubules and/or linked to the plasma membrane or to other cytoskeletal components, and they may assemble into strands that are continuous from one cell face to another (Flanders et al., 1989;Yuan et al., 1995). Within the cells of elongating tissues, microtubules generally form cylindrical arrays in which their strands are oriented transversely or at slightly oblique angles to the direction of cell elongation (reviewed in Green, 1980; Gunning and Hardham, 1982; Cyr and Palevitz, 1995;Wymer and Lloyd, 1996; Fischer and Schopfer, 1997). At the completion of the elongation phase, microtubules usually reorient into a more oblique or even longitudinal direction. Unique arrays operate during the differentiation of specialized cells, such as the banded patterns in tracheary elements (Fukuda, 1997) or radial arrays in stomatal guard cells (Marc et al., 1989). The cortical array's significance in morphogenesis has been documented by studies with antimicrotubule drugs, which depolymerize microtubules and cause cells to grow isodiametrically (Morejohn, 1991), and by the mutants ton and fass of Arabidopsis, which have aberrant cortical microtubules and possess abnormally shaped cells (Traas et al., 1995;McClinton and Sung, 1997).The spatial orientation of microtubules in the cortex is complex and likely involves interactions with a variety of auxiliary molecules and complexes. For example, microtubule-organizing centers nucleate microtubules and thereby affect their appearance in the cortex (reviewed in Marc, 1997;Vaughn and Harper, 1998), whereas microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) may serve to link microtubules to each other and to other organelles (reviewed in Cyr, 1991; Hirokawa, 1994;Mandelkow and Mandelkow, 1995) and also to modify microtubule stability, thereby affecting their organization and dynamics (Hirokawa, 1994; Desai and Mitchison, 1997). Phosphorylation of MAPs may play a role in organization because this post-translational modification alters their affinity for microtubules, thereby causing rearrangements of the microtubular network (Preuss et al., 1995;Hush et al., 1996;Shelden and Wadsworth, 1996); moreover, treatments with inhibitors of protein phosphatases and kinases disorganize cortical microtubules (Mizuno, 1994; Baskin and Wilson, 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail rjc8@ psu.edu; fax 814-865-9131. 1928The Plant Cell 1997). Mechanochemical motor proteins could affect microtubule organization by fa...

show abstract

Section: Gfp-mbd-decorated Microtubules Retain Their Dynamic Charactersupporting

confidence: 57%

A GFP-MAP4 Reporter Gene for Visualizing Cortical Microtubule Rearrangements in Living Epidermal Cells

Marc¹,

Granger²,

Brincat³

et al. 1998

The Plant Cell

184

267

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Auxin has been shown to affect patterning and organization of the cytoskeleton. Depending on the experimental conditions, the plant material and plant cell type, auxin was reported to induce cortical MT reorientation (Blancaflor and Hasenstein 1993;Blancaflor and Hasenstein 1995;Takesue and Shibaoka 1998;Takesue and Shibaoka 1999) or disintegration of the MT cytoskeleton (Baluska et al 1996). In addition auxin-induced cell expansion was also shown to correlate with an auxin-dependent reorganization of actin filaments into fine cortical strands (Waller et al 2002;Holweg et al 2004).…”

Section: Auxin and The Cytoskeletonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Responses to Auxin: Division versus Expansion

Perrot‐Rechenmann¹

2010

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

480

347

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The phytohormone auxin is a major regulator of plant growth and development. Many aspects of these processes depend on the multiple controls exerted by auxin on cell division and cell expansion. The detailed mechanisms by which auxin controls these essential cellular responses are still poorly understood, despite recent progress in the identification of auxin receptors and components of auxin signaling pathways. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the present knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in the auxin control of cell division and cell expansion. In both cases, the involvement of at least two signaling pathways and of multiple targets of auxin action reflects the complexity of the subtle regulation of auxin-mediated cellular responses. In addition, it offers the necessary flexibility for generating differential responses within a given cell depending on its developmental context.

show abstract

“…This ability to reorient was considered to be sensitive to a range of factors, including light and hormones (Lloyd, 1994). Shibaoka and colleagues extended this notion by proposing that microtubules not only reorient in response to experimental intervention, but also undergo endogenous oscillatory cycles (Mayumi and Shibaoka, 1996;Takesue and Shibaoka, 1998). According to this idea, microtubules reorient from transverse to longitudinal then cycle back again in about 6 hours, in agreement with the time it took for cellulose microfibrils to go through a similar cycle in the polylamellate outer epidermal wall of azuki bean epicotyls (Takeda and Shibaoka, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rotation of cellulose synthase trajectories is microtubule dependent and influences the texture of epidermal cell walls inArabidopsis hypocotyls

Chan

Crowell

Eder

et al. 2010

Journal of Cell Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryPlant shoots have thick, polylamellate outer epidermal walls based on crossed layers of cellulose microfibrils, but the involvement of microtubules in such wall lamellation is unclear. Recently, using a long-term movie system in which Arabidopsis seedlings were grown in a biochamber, the tracks along which cortical microtubules move were shown to undergo slow rotary movements over the outer surface of hypocotyl epidermal cells. Because microtubules are known to guide cellulose synthases over the short term, we hypothesised that this previously unsuspected microtubule rotation could, over the longer term, help explain the cross-ply structure of the outer epidermal wall. Here, we test that hypothesis using Arabidopsis plants expressing the cellulose synthase GFP-CESA3 and show that cellulose synthase trajectories do rotate over several hours. Neither microtubule-stabilising taxol nor microtubule-depolymerising oryzalin affected the linear rate of GFP-CESA3 movement, but both stopped the rotation of cellulose synthase tracks. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that drug-induced suppression of rotation alters the lamellation pattern, resulting in a thick monotonous wall layer. We conclude that microtubule rotation, rather than any hypothetical mechanism for wall self-assembly, has an essential role in developing cross-ply wall texture.

show abstract

The cyclic reorientation of cortical microtubules in epidermal cells of azuki bean epicotyls: the role of actin filaments in the progression of the cycle

Cited by 61 publications

References 34 publications

A GFP-MAP4 Reporter Gene for Visualizing Cortical Microtubule Rearrangements in Living Epidermal Cells

A GFP-MAP4 Reporter Gene for Visualizing Cortical Microtubule Rearrangements in Living Epidermal Cells

Cellular Responses to Auxin: Division versus Expansion

The rotation of cellulose synthase trajectories is microtubule dependent and influences the texture of epidermal cell walls inArabidopsis hypocotyls

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About