The current understanding of mesenchymal stem cells as potential attenuators of chemotherapy‐induced toxicity

Abstract

Chemotherapeutic agents are part of the standard treatment algorithms for many malignancies; however, their application and dosage are limited by their toxic effects to normal tissues. Chemotherapy-induced toxicities can be long-lasting and may be incompletely reversible; therefore, causative therapies for chemotherapy-dependent side effects are needed, especially considering the increasing survival rates of treated cancer patients. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to exhibit regenerative abilities for various forms of tissue damage. Preclinical data suggest that MSCs may also help to alleviate tissue lesions caused by chemotherapeutic agents, mainly by establishing a protective microenvironment for functional cells. Due to the systemic administration of most anticancer agents, the effects of these drugs on the MSCs themselves are of crucial importance to use stem cell-based approaches for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced tissue toxicities. Here, we present a concise review of the published data regarding the influence of various classes of chemotherapeutic agents on the survival, stem cell characteristics and physiological functions of MSCs. Molecular mechanisms underlying the effects are outlined, and resulting challenges of MSC-based treatments for chemotherapy-induced tissue injuries are discussed.

Resveratrol and its Nanoparticle suppress Doxorubicin/Docetaxel-resistant anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells in vitro and in vivo

“…The results showed that this combined treatment significantly inhibited the growth of subcutaneous tumors, confirming that THJ-16T cells were sensitive to initial chemotherapy, which was consistent with previous reports [33,45]. However, this systemic chemotherapeutic approach causes severe nonspecific cytotoxicity and intolerable side effects of tumor patients, leading to the reduction of chemotherapy dose and even the interruption of treatment [46,47]. This situation reappears in current study, because 2/3 of the docetaxel/doxorubicin-treated nude mice died of serious drug toxicity only after three cycles of docetaxel/doxorubicin treatment, and the body weight of the survived animals decreased significantly, forcing the chemotherapy to be terminated.…”

Long-Term Cryostorage of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Containing Hybrid Hydrogel Scaffolds Based on Fibrin and Collagen

“…It is known that the ability to proliferate in vitro is one of the key characteristics of MSCs [33,34]. A decrease in the proliferative activity of MSCs is a critical indicator of an abnormality in functional activity of cells, which can be caused both by natural processes, for example, cell senescence [35,36], and by the damaging effect of various external factors [37,38]. A decrease in the proliferative activity of stem cells may be accompanied by a decrease in their metabolic activity, including after cryostorage [39].…”

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cell-Based Interventions in Experimental Diabetic Kidney Disease

“…[10][11][12][13] Cell-based therapies were safe, reduced kidney injury, and improved kidney function therein providing preclinical evidence supporting clinical trial pursuits in humans with DKD. 6,[13][14][15] Earlier attempts to quantitatively summarize cell-based therapy effects in experimental DKD were limited by a small number of available studies. 6,16 Yet, stem cell-based therapies improved kidney function, proteinuria, metabolic parameters, and kidney/body weight in diabetic animals (n = 8 original studies).…”