The current understanding and management of vaccine-associated sarcomas in cats

Force, Vaccine-Associated Feline Sarcoma Task

doi:10.2460/javma.2005.226.1821

Cited by 41 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Moreover, the undoubted benefits of vaccination against serious and frequently fatal infectious diseases clearly outweigh the risks associated with vaccination. Nevertheless, the frequency of these lesions, or their diagnostic recognition, does appear to be increasing [24, 25, 27, 38, 42, 43, 53, 56, 57, 69–82]. For example, in the United Kingdom, the number of reports of injection-site sarcomas associated with vaccines submitted to the regulatory agency, the Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD) has risen over the period from 2001 to 2008 [83–91].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origins of Injection-Site Sarcomas in Cats: The Possible Role of Chronic Inflammation—A Review

Woodward¹

2011

ISRN Veterinary Science

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The etiology of feline injection-site sarcomas remains obscure. Sarcomas and other tumors are known to be associated with viral infections in humans and other animals, including cats. However, the available evidence suggests that this is not the case with feline injection-site sarcomas. These tumors have more in common with sarcomas noted in experimental studies with laboratory animals where foreign materials such as glass, plastics, and metal are the causal agent. Tumors arising with these agents are associated with chronic inflammation at the injection or implantation sites. Similar tumors have been observed, albeit infrequently, at microchip implantation sites, and these also are associated with chronic inflammation. It is suggested that injection-site sarcomas in cats may arise at the administration site as a result of chronic inflammation, possibly provoked by adjuvant materials, with subsequent DNA damage, cellular transformation, and clonal expansion. However, more fundamental research is required to elucidate the mechanisms involved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origins of Injection-Site Sarcomas in Cats: The Possible Role of Chronic Inflammation—A Review

Woodward¹

2011

ISRN Veterinary Science

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“…1 , 3 , 7 , 9 , 10 While the exact cause and effect have not been entirely elucidated, it has been widely theorized that the individual cat’s inflammatory response mounted and the characteristics of the vaccine (or injection) play roles in the development of these tumors. 2 , 7 , 8 , 11 – 13 …”

Section: Background Epidemiology and Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If FISS is even remotely possible, indications for biopsy are based on the 3-2-1 rule. 13 , 32 , 33 Any mass that has persisted for >3 months, is >2 cm, and/or is growing over the course of 1 month since an injection was given at that site, an incisional biopsy is strongly recommended. Fine needle aspiration with cytology is the least invasive and least expensive form of incisional biopsy.…”

Section: Diagnosis and Stagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If FISS is suspected, excisional biopsy for diagnostic purposes is strongly discouraged, as tumors recur quickly and frequently when marginally excised, making future attempts at treatment challenging. 13 , 23 , 24 , 32 , 33 …”

Section: Diagnosis and Stagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their recommendations are also geared toward early detection and improved treatment success of FISS. 13 , 33 , 53 – 58 …”

Section: Prevention and Vaccination Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vaccine-associated feline sarcoma: current perspectives

Saba¹

2017

VMRR

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Feline injection site sarcomas (FISS; also known as vaccine-associated sarcomas) have been recognized for >20 years. Although uncommon, these tumors are iatrogenic, and vaccination against rabies and feline leukemia virus is perhaps the most common inciting cause. The exact etiopathogenesis is unknown, but it is widely accepted that inflammation induced by vaccines or other injections likely plays a critical role in tumor development. Injection site sarcomas are extremely locally invasive. Multimodal therapy, incorporating combinations of surgery, radiation therapy, and sometimes chemotherapy or immunotherapy, is recommended. However, tumor recurrences are common even with aggressive treatment, and many cats with FISS ultimately succumb to this devastating disease. While vaccination protocols play an important role in the management and control of infectious disease, veterinarians must be diligent in following established vaccination guidelines to minimize individual patient risk of FISS development. Early tumor detection and client education are also vital in the successful treatment of FISS.

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Adverse Reactions to Vaccines

Woodward¹,

Toon²

2009

Veterinary Pharmacovigilance

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The current understanding and management of vaccine-associated sarcomas in cats

Cited by 41 publications

References 39 publications

Origins of Injection-Site Sarcomas in Cats: The Possible Role of Chronic Inflammation—A Review

Origins of Injection-Site Sarcomas in Cats: The Possible Role of Chronic Inflammation—A Review

Vaccine-associated feline sarcoma: current perspectives

Adverse Reactions to Vaccines

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