The Current Status of the Ketogenic Diet in Psychiatry

Bostock, Emmanuelle C. S.; Kirkby, Kenneth C.; Taylor, Bruce

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00043

Cited by 104 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 104 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In recent years, there has been a growing awareness that certain foods may contribute to the symptoms of these functional disorders. The theoretical reason that dietary changes such as carbohydrate restriction (particularly the avoidance of refined sugar) and reduction of other potential mediators of inflammation, such as gluten, casein, and lectins, can reduce both functional somatic and neuropsychiatric symptoms is that they reduce the level of neuronal excitability [19,[92][93][94][95][96][97][98]. As the brain calms down, there is less of the electrical activity that theoretically drives the development of migraine headaches [99,100], and less of the top-down stimulation of skeletal and smooth muscle that theoretically drives the symptoms of tension headaches, fibromyalgia, IBS, and related disorders [101].…”

Section: Medical Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

The Multi-Circuit Neuronal Hyperexcitability Hypothesis of Psychiatric Disorders

Binder¹

2019

AJCEM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

After nearly a century of intensive research and clinical investigation, the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders remains an enigma. Short of a clear understanding of how psychiatric symptoms are produced, the various cognitive, emotional, and behavior patterns that characterize psychiatric disorders continue to be grouped into syndromes and treated accordingly. The weakness of this approach is that the treatment is administered without a clear understanding of what pathological process is being treated. Moreover, the symptoms of most psychiatric disorders are frequently changing and melding into one another. This leads to diagnostic confusion, medication stacking, and poor treatment outcomes, all of which erode patient trust and perpetuate the stigma of mental illness. In this seminal report, a new hypothesis on the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders will be presented based on multidisciplinary evidence that nearly all psychiatric disorders and their functional comorbidities are rooted in a single, shared, neurophysiological abnormality. The report will then trace that abnormality to its molecular roots and introduce a new paradigm through which the many faces of mental illness can be understood and uniformly treated. The Multi-Circuit Neuronal Hyperexcitability hypothesis of psychiatric disorders posits that an inherent hyperexcitability of the neurological system is at the root of mental illness and provides a precise, functionallyspecific framework that eliminates diagnostic confusion, informs a unified treatment approach, and helps remove the long-held stigma of mental illness. + Itemized comparison showing that the same conditions and chemicals that increase the potential for seizures (upper section) also increase the potential for psychiatric symptoms, and the same conditions and chemicals that decrease the potential for seizures (lower section) also decrease the potential for psychiatric symptoms.

show abstract

Section: Medical Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

The Multi-Circuit Neuronal Hyperexcitability Hypothesis of Psychiatric Disorders

Binder¹

2019

AJCEM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These findings support low-carbohydrate nutrition as an alternative therapeutic approach for some mental health conditions and warrant continued research. 110 How one feels between meals in mood and cravings is also critical to sustain any nutritional lifestyle plan. One well-known claim of lowcarbohydrate diets is that one can lose weight and not be hungry.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A low-carbohydrate survey: Evidence for sustainable metabolic syndrome reversal

Cucuzzella

Tondt

Dockter

et al. 2017

JMH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Metabolic syndrome has become a significant problem, with the American Diabetes Association estimating the cost of diabetes and pre-diabetes in the United States alone to be $322 billion per year. Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of low-carbohydrate diets in reversing metabolic syndrome and its associated disorders.Aim: This study was designed to examine how voluntary adherents to a low-carbohydrate diet rate its effectiveness and sustainability using an online survey.Setting and methods: The 57-question survey was administered online and shared internationally via social media and ‘low-carb’ communities. Where appropriate, chi-squared tests and paired t-tests were used to analyse the responses.Results: There were 1580 respondents. The majority of respondents had consumed less than 100 g of carbohydrates per day for over a year, typically for reasons of weight loss or disease management. There was a reported decrease in waist circumference and weight with a simultaneous decrease in hunger and increase in energy level. Of those who provided laboratory values, the majority saw improvements in their HbA1c, blood glucose measurements, and lipid panel results. There was a reduction in usage of various medications, and 25% reported medication cost savings, with average monthly savings of $288 for those respondents. In particular, the usage of pain relievers and anti-inflammatories dropped with a simultaneous decreased rating of pain and increase in mobility.Conclusion: We conclude that low-carbohydrate diets are a sustainable method of metabolic syndrome reversal in a community setting.

show abstract

“…Omega-3-fatty acid is perhaps the best studied nutraceutical: the bioactive components: Eicosapenaenoic Acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA), when formulated in optimal ratios, have been shown to improve depressive symptoms in mood disorders [84,85]. The positive effects of omega 3-fatty acid are likely to be mediated through the NAD+ class of HDAC: the Sirtuin signaling pathway [86]. Subsyndromal depression is quite common in schizophrenia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting Epigenetics Signaling with Curcumin: A Transformative Drug Lead in Treatment of Schizophrenia?

Chiu¹,

Woodbury-Fariña²,

Terpstra³

et al. 2017

J Clin Epigenet

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While pharmacotherapy of second generation of atypical antipsychotics: clozapine, olanzapine, risperidol, quetiapine, ziprasidone, aripiprazole bring about significant improvement in the positive symptoms of schizophrenia [1], overall psychosocial outcomes in schizophrenia remain modest. Significant functional impairment related to negative symptoms (lack of volition, apathy, sociality, poverty of speech and affective flattening), active positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations and bizarre behavioral disturbances) and neuro-cognition deficits, persists in 20-30% of patients with schizophrenia refractory to AbstractDespite advances in pharmacotherapy, schizophrenia continues to carry a high societal disease burden related to positive and negative symptoms, and neurocognitive deficits and severe functional impairment. Findings from epigenetics have yet to translate the epigenetics targets to efficacious drug therapy. We review the repertoire of CNS pharmacology of curcumin derived from Curcuma Longa, commonly known as "turmeric": the well-known curry extract. We highlight the body of evidence in support of the emerging role of curcumin as a panhistone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor regulating the expression of genes involved in inflammation and NMDA N-methyl-aspartic acid (NMDA)-glutamate systems, as related to schizophrenia. Based on the findings from translational studies of curcumin extracts, curcumin C-3 complex formulation (Supercurcumin TM ) and patented liposome-based curcumin (Lipocurc TM ), we propose that intravenous infusion of Lipocurc TM holds promise as the novel drug lead and preferred targeted brain delivery mode in reprogramming faculty epigenetics network and in remodeling restrictive chromatin configuration in schizophrenia. Phase II/Phase III epigenetics-biomarker-based randomized placebo-controlled trials in treatment resistant schizophrenia are warranted. Our approach of intravenous infusion of Lipocurc TM behaving as pan HDAC inhibitor represents a new paradigm of drug development in combining targeting epigenetics footprints with brain-specific drug delivery system in schizophrenia. Lipocurc TM can open the Pandora box in unexplored therapeutics vistas in modifying the phenotype of treatment resistant schizophrenia. [2]. Major breakthroughs in schizophrenia therapeutics are yet forthcoming. It becomes imperative to design molecular genetics and epigenetic tools to predict treatment responses, and to translate novel CNS drug targets for accelerating the development of new therapeutics for treatment refractory schizophrenia. Drug platforms require refinement of translational models of schizophrenia to catalyze clinical trials and to predict treatment responses. In the post-genomic era, deciphering the epigenetic code of the human genomes represents a major challenge in CNS disorders. A growing body of evidence supports dysregulation of epigenetics signaling: DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNA, plays a significant role in schizophrenia [3][4][5]. Findings from studies of p...

show abstract

The Current Status of the Ketogenic Diet in Psychiatry

Cited by 104 publications

References 104 publications

The Multi-Circuit Neuronal Hyperexcitability Hypothesis of Psychiatric Disorders

The Multi-Circuit Neuronal Hyperexcitability Hypothesis of Psychiatric Disorders

A low-carbohydrate survey: Evidence for sustainable metabolic syndrome reversal

Targeting Epigenetics Signaling with Curcumin: A Transformative Drug Lead in Treatment of Schizophrenia?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About