Abstract:The history and current status of home total parenteral nutrition are reviewed. Patients without a functional intestinal tract are able to lead a relatively normal life, infusing their essential nutrients through a Silastic® central venous catheter while they sleep at night. The average catheter life is nine months. Suspected sepsis and obstruction of the catheter were the leading causes for catheter removal.
“…The duration of HPN therapy ranged from 23–786 days, and 2 patients received therapy for >500 days. Like other adult cohorts at the time, the number of patients with Crohn's disease (n = 17) was greater than earlier case series . The new infant model of the Broviac catheter (which Ament developed while working with Scribner and Broviac at the University of Washington) had a smaller diameter compared to the original Scribner/Broviac (Figure a) and was available on a limited basis at the time of the study (Figure b) .…”
Section: The Concept Of the Artificial Gutmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…Like other adult cohorts at the time, the number of patients with Crohn's disease (n = 17) was greater than earlier case series. [69][70][71] The new infant model of the Broviac catheter (which Ament developed while working with Scribner and Broviac at the University of Washington) had a smaller diameter compared to the original Scribner/Broviac (Figure 6a) and was available on a limited basis at the time of the study (Figure 6b). 66,72 Synthetic amino acids and Intralipid C were administered but, like many HPN components used today, macronutrients were often in short supply.…”
Section: Case Series From Early Hpn Centersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These centers began training, discharging, and reporting their first patients who Massachusetts (1977). 47,59,69,[89][90][91][92][93] Many of the founders of these new centers were influenced by the early pioneers of HPN and include, but are not limited to, Ezra Steiger (Cleveland Clinic) who was mentored by Dudrick and Rhoads, Richard Fleming (Mayo Clinic) who was mentored by Scribner, and Lyn Howard (Albany Medical College) who was mentored by Jeejeebhoy. These individuals are internationally recognized leaders who advanced the field of HPN in numerous ways and cared for thousands of patients while mentoring the next generation of HPN clinicians.…”
Section: Case Series From Early Hpn Centersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These new centers tended to be at large academic medical centers. These centers began training, discharging, and reporting their first patients who received HPN in the 1970s and included UCLA (1973), Albany Medical College, Albany, New York (1973), Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland (1974), University of Texas Medical School, Houston, Texas (1974), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (1975), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (1976), and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (1977) . Many of the founders of these new centers were influenced by the early pioneers of HPN and include, but are not limited to, Ezra Steiger (Cleveland Clinic) who was mentored by Dudrick and Rhoads, Richard Fleming (Mayo Clinic) who was mentored by Scribner, and Lyn Howard (Albany Medical College) who was mentored by Jeejeebhoy.…”
Section: The Concept Of the Artificial Gutmentioning
Technologic advances in the past century have led to the ability to safely deliver parenteral nutrition (PN) to hospitalized patients. Key breakthroughs included the development of saline and glucose infusions, infusion pumps, macronutrients (lipids, dextrose, and amino acids), and central venous catheters. In the 1960s, centrally delivered PN was performed in short-term hospitalized patients by Lincoln James Lawson (North Staffordshire Royal Infirmatory, United Kingdom) and long-term patients by Stanley Dudrick (University of Pennsylvania, United States). These early studies showed that a system was needed that would allow patients with intestinal failure to be discharged from the hospital and receive home PN (HPN). In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Belding Scribner, Maurice Shils, Khursheed Jeejeebhoy, Marvin Ament, Dudrick, and their teams discharged patients from the hospital who then self-administered HPN. Shortly after these early cases of HPN, multidisciplinary centers were established first in North America, and later in Europe, to manage these complex cases. The current article describes the patients treated by these early HPN pioneers, in addition to subsequent case series reported by them and others.
“…The duration of HPN therapy ranged from 23–786 days, and 2 patients received therapy for >500 days. Like other adult cohorts at the time, the number of patients with Crohn's disease (n = 17) was greater than earlier case series . The new infant model of the Broviac catheter (which Ament developed while working with Scribner and Broviac at the University of Washington) had a smaller diameter compared to the original Scribner/Broviac (Figure a) and was available on a limited basis at the time of the study (Figure b) .…”
Section: The Concept Of the Artificial Gutmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…Like other adult cohorts at the time, the number of patients with Crohn's disease (n = 17) was greater than earlier case series. [69][70][71] The new infant model of the Broviac catheter (which Ament developed while working with Scribner and Broviac at the University of Washington) had a smaller diameter compared to the original Scribner/Broviac (Figure 6a) and was available on a limited basis at the time of the study (Figure 6b). 66,72 Synthetic amino acids and Intralipid C were administered but, like many HPN components used today, macronutrients were often in short supply.…”
Section: Case Series From Early Hpn Centersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These centers began training, discharging, and reporting their first patients who Massachusetts (1977). 47,59,69,[89][90][91][92][93] Many of the founders of these new centers were influenced by the early pioneers of HPN and include, but are not limited to, Ezra Steiger (Cleveland Clinic) who was mentored by Dudrick and Rhoads, Richard Fleming (Mayo Clinic) who was mentored by Scribner, and Lyn Howard (Albany Medical College) who was mentored by Jeejeebhoy. These individuals are internationally recognized leaders who advanced the field of HPN in numerous ways and cared for thousands of patients while mentoring the next generation of HPN clinicians.…”
Section: Case Series From Early Hpn Centersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These new centers tended to be at large academic medical centers. These centers began training, discharging, and reporting their first patients who received HPN in the 1970s and included UCLA (1973), Albany Medical College, Albany, New York (1973), Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland (1974), University of Texas Medical School, Houston, Texas (1974), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (1975), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (1976), and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (1977) . Many of the founders of these new centers were influenced by the early pioneers of HPN and include, but are not limited to, Ezra Steiger (Cleveland Clinic) who was mentored by Dudrick and Rhoads, Richard Fleming (Mayo Clinic) who was mentored by Scribner, and Lyn Howard (Albany Medical College) who was mentored by Jeejeebhoy.…”
Section: The Concept Of the Artificial Gutmentioning
Technologic advances in the past century have led to the ability to safely deliver parenteral nutrition (PN) to hospitalized patients. Key breakthroughs included the development of saline and glucose infusions, infusion pumps, macronutrients (lipids, dextrose, and amino acids), and central venous catheters. In the 1960s, centrally delivered PN was performed in short-term hospitalized patients by Lincoln James Lawson (North Staffordshire Royal Infirmatory, United Kingdom) and long-term patients by Stanley Dudrick (University of Pennsylvania, United States). These early studies showed that a system was needed that would allow patients with intestinal failure to be discharged from the hospital and receive home PN (HPN). In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Belding Scribner, Maurice Shils, Khursheed Jeejeebhoy, Marvin Ament, Dudrick, and their teams discharged patients from the hospital who then self-administered HPN. Shortly after these early cases of HPN, multidisciplinary centers were established first in North America, and later in Europe, to manage these complex cases. The current article describes the patients treated by these early HPN pioneers, in addition to subsequent case series reported by them and others.
Infusions of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) are often cycled at night coinciding with sleep episodes. Adult consumers of HPN are known to experience poor sleep attributed to frequent awakenings and long durations of wakefulness after falling asleep. Consequently, most consumers do not meet recommendations for sleep duration and quality or daytime napping. The primary underlying pathophysiology resulting in sleep problems is nocturia; however, other factors also exist, including disruptions caused by medical equipment (ie, pump alarms), comorbid conditions, dysglycemia, and medication use. Early guidance on sleep is imperative because of the central role of sleep in physical health and wellbeing, including mitigating complications, such as infection risk, gastrointestinal problems, pain sensitivity, and fatigue. Clinicians should routinely inquire about the sleep of their patients and address factors known to perturb sleep. Nonpharmacologic opportunities to mitigate sleep problems include education on healthy sleep practices (ie, sleep hygiene); changes in infusion schedules, volumes, rates, and equipment; and, possibly, behavioral interventions, which have yet to be examined in this population. Addressing comorbid conditions, such as mood disorders, and nutrition deficiencies may also help. Pharmacologic interventions and technological advancement in HPN delivery are also needed. Research on sleep in this population is considered a priority, yet it remains limited at this time.
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