“…We investigated the quality of the mosaic at specific target points. However, in the literature, there are some appropriate metrics to evaluate the quality of the whole mosaic, such as the structural similarity index (SSIM), proposed by Wang et al, 2004 [32], and other performance metrics proposed in [33][34][35][36].…”
The aim of this study is to analyse problems related to thermal mapping obtained from thermal data acquired from unmanned aerial systems (UAS) equipped with thermal cameras. We focused on an accurate analysis of uncertainties introduced by the PIX4D Mapper software version 4.4.12 used to obtain the surface temperature maps of thermal images acquired using the UAS. To achieve this aim, we used artificial thermal references during the surveys, as well as natural hot targets, i.e., thermal anomalies in the Pisciarelli hydrothermal system in Campi Flegrei caldera (CFc). Artificial thermal targets, expressly created and designed for this goal, are a prototype here called “developed thermal target” (DTT) created by the drone laboratory at Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia—Osservatorio Vesuviano (INGV-OV). We show the results obtained through three surveys, and during the last two, thermal targets were positioned on land at different flight heights of the UAS. Different heights were also necessary to test the spatial resolution of the DTT with the used thermal camera as well as possible temperature differences between the raw images acquired via UAS with the thermal mapping obtained from the PIX4D Mapper software. In this work, we estimate the uncertainty that may be introduced by the mosaic procedure, and furthermore we find an attenuation of the measured temperatures introduced by the different distances between the thermal anomaly and sensor. These results appear to be of great importance for the subsequent calibration phase of the thermal maps, especially in cases where these methodologies are applied for the purposes of monitoring volcanic/geothermal areas.
“…We investigated the quality of the mosaic at specific target points. However, in the literature, there are some appropriate metrics to evaluate the quality of the whole mosaic, such as the structural similarity index (SSIM), proposed by Wang et al, 2004 [32], and other performance metrics proposed in [33][34][35][36].…”
The aim of this study is to analyse problems related to thermal mapping obtained from thermal data acquired from unmanned aerial systems (UAS) equipped with thermal cameras. We focused on an accurate analysis of uncertainties introduced by the PIX4D Mapper software version 4.4.12 used to obtain the surface temperature maps of thermal images acquired using the UAS. To achieve this aim, we used artificial thermal references during the surveys, as well as natural hot targets, i.e., thermal anomalies in the Pisciarelli hydrothermal system in Campi Flegrei caldera (CFc). Artificial thermal targets, expressly created and designed for this goal, are a prototype here called “developed thermal target” (DTT) created by the drone laboratory at Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia—Osservatorio Vesuviano (INGV-OV). We show the results obtained through three surveys, and during the last two, thermal targets were positioned on land at different flight heights of the UAS. Different heights were also necessary to test the spatial resolution of the DTT with the used thermal camera as well as possible temperature differences between the raw images acquired via UAS with the thermal mapping obtained from the PIX4D Mapper software. In this work, we estimate the uncertainty that may be introduced by the mosaic procedure, and furthermore we find an attenuation of the measured temperatures introduced by the different distances between the thermal anomaly and sensor. These results appear to be of great importance for the subsequent calibration phase of the thermal maps, especially in cases where these methodologies are applied for the purposes of monitoring volcanic/geothermal areas.
“…(18) addressed feature-based corner detection for mosaicing images. Here the feature techniques extract accurate corner positions and offer a high degree of pipelining and parallelism and hence produces high throughputs and offers better reconstructed image quality (19) . The rest of the paper is organized as follows; Section 2 addressed the proposed model.…”
Objectives:The main objective of the proposed work is to develop an image mosaicing model for combining the images of different individual images. In other way, the union of two images and to evaluate the performance of the model in terms of the number of run time in seconds and number of key features they use. Methods: In this work, the Histogram Equalization is a processing step required to make the mosaic invariant to intra image and inter image intensity variability. The detailed feature of the enhanced image is extracted using Scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT), Oriented Fast and Rotated Brief (ORB), Binary Robust invariant scalable key points (BRISK) feature descriptors techniques. The features including local and global are matched using K-Nearest Neighbor. Then, homography is performed using RANdom SAmple Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm to compute the camera motion. Finally, the image warping is performed using smoothing filter of size 40x40 to obtain the panorama image. Findings: The model is tested on various datasets using three different feature extractors popularly used in image mosaicing or image stitching algorithms SIFT, ORB and BRISK descriptors. It is observed that the ORB is the best feature extractor among the state-of-the-art feature extractors. The ORB with HE uses a minimum of 500 key features to match the images and generates panoramic images that are invariant to shift and rotation with the minimum run time of 0.0836 seconds. Novelty: The state-of-the-art models developed by the researchers suffer with good number of matching points of the input images to generate the image mosaicing. This issue is addressed in the proposed model using multiple descriptors SIFT, ORB and BRISK techniques. The ORB with HE will provide the minimum key features and enough good matches of features with the record of minimum runtime to obtain the panoramic images.https://www.indjst.org/
Array DBMSs operate on
N
-d arrays. During the Data Ingestion phase, the widely used mosaic operator ingests a massive collection of overlapping arrays into a single large array, called mosaic. The operator can utilize sophisticated statistical and machine learning techniques, e.g. Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), to produce a high quality
seamless mosaic
where the contrasts between the values of cells taken from input overlapping arrays are minimized. However, the performance bottleneck becomes a major challenge when applying such advanced techniques over increasingly growing array volumes. We introduce a new, scalable way to perform CCA that is orders of magnitude faster than the popular Python's scikit-learn library for the purpose of array mosaicking. Furthermore, we developed a hybrid web-desktop application to showcase our novel FastMosaic operator, based on this new CCA. A rich GUI enables users to comprehensively investigate in/out arrays, interactively guides through an end-to-end mosaic construction on real-world geospatial arrays using FastMosaic, facilitating a convenient exploration of the FastMosaic pipeline and its internals.
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