The Current Quality of Web-Based Information on the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Search

Abstract

Background: An important aspect of managing chronic disorders like bipolar disorder is to have access to relevant health information. This study investigates and compares the quality of information on the treatments of bipolar disorder that is available on English websites, as an international language, and on Italian websites, as a popular local language. Methods: A systematic review search was obtained from four search engines. We excluded unrelated materials, scientific papers, and duplicates. We analyzed popularity with PageRank; technological quality with Nibbler; readability with the Flesh Reading Ease test and Gulpease index; quality of information with the DISCERN scale, the JAMA benchmark criteria, and on the extent of adherence to the HONCode. Results: 35 English and 31 Italian websites were included. The English websites were found to have a higher level of quality information and technological quality than the Italian ones. Overall, the websites were found to be difficult to read, requiring a high level of education. Conclusions: These results can be important to inform guidelines for the improvement of health information and help users to reach a higher level of evidence on the websites. Users should find the benefits of treatment, support for shared decision-making, the sources used, the medical editor’s supervision, and the risk of postponing treatment.

Fully Immersive Virtual Reality-Based Cognitive Remediation for Adults with Psychosocial Disabilities: A Systematic Scoping Review of Methods Intervention Gaps and Meta-Analysis of Published Effectiveness Studies

“…Cognitive deficits are present in most disorders such as psychosis, mood, anxiety, personality, and eating disorders [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], but in schizophrenia is a core symptom [ 12 ] and also approximately 60% of people with bipolar disorder have neurocognitive impairment [ 13 , 14 ]. In general, cognitive deficits negatively impact personal, social, and work-occupational functioning [ 10 , 15 , 16 , 17 ] and they are a barrier to achieving a good quality of life and independent living [ 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”