The Current Perspectives of Stem Cell Therapy in Orthopedic Surgery

Abstract

ContextMusculoskeletal injuries may be painful, troublesome, life limiting and also one of the global health problems. There has been considerable amount of interest during the past two decades to stem cells and tissue engineering techniques in orthopedic surgery, especially to manage special and compulsive injuries within the musculoskeletal system.Evidence AcquisitionThe aim of this study was to present a literature review regarding the most recent progress in stem cell procedures and current indications in orthopedics clinical care practice. The Medline and PubMed library databases were searched for the articles related with stem cell procedures in the field of orthopedic surgery and additionally the reference list of each article was also included to provide a comprehensive evaluation.ResultsVarious sources of stem cells have been studied for orthopedics clinical care practice. Stem cell therapy has successfully used for major orthopedic procedures in terms of bone-joint injuries (fractures-bone defects, nonunion, and spinal injuries), osteoarthritis-cartilage defects, ligament-tendon injuries, femoral head osteonecrosis and osteogenesis imperfecta. Stem cells have also used in bone tissue engineering in combining with the scaffolds and provided faster and better healing of tissues.ConclusionsLarge amounts of preclinical studies have been made of stem cells and there is an increasing interest to perform these studies within the human population but preclinical studies are insufficient; therefore, much more and efficient studies should be conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of stem cells.

Comparison of Platelet-Rich Plasma, Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF), or SVF with an Injectable PLGA Nanofiber Scaffold for the Treatment of Osteochondral Injury in Dogs

“…[4][5][6][7] However, there are undesirable characteristics of current treatment modalities such that there is great interest in the use of biological therapies in humans and dogs for symptomatic relief of synovitis and pain, disease-modifying effects, and/or regenerative benefits. 8,9 Given the similarities in occurrence, pathophysiology, and treatments for cartilage injury and OA in both species, dogs are a good translational model in which to evaluate the potential benefits of biological therapies for treating these disease processes. [1][2][3] Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is a point-of-care therapy that is typically prepared by the harvest of autologous adipose tissue followed by mechanical and chemical digestion and subsequent centrifugation to isolate the cellular SVF pellet from the remaining lipid and extracellular components.…”

The MarrowMiner: A Novel Minimally Invasive and Effective Device for the Harvest of Bone Marrow

“…Not only would the MM enable increased volume of BM collected under local or conscious sedation, which would thus result in increased stem cell collection, but additionally the richer cellular content with increased MSC and EPC concentration in the BM could likely further improve efficacy, which has been mixed in nonhematopoietic BM clinical trials. Improved yield of such BM-derived MSCs and other cell populations could have important implications for a wide array of nonhematopoietic clinical applications, and specifically, for intraoperative orthopedic applications where autologous BM is already frequently used [41,42], an MM harvest may result in more reproducible and improved clinical outcomes associated with higher cell dose. The MM may additionally expand and enable improved preventative autologous BM banking, which, although controversial, has recently become available [43].…”

The Use of Stem Cells to Treat Osteogenesis Imperfecta

“…There is an increased interest in the use of stem cell therapies to treat musculoskeletal injuries and other uses in orthopedic practices [18]. Stem cell therapy has also been used in Orthopedic Surgery to treat the fractures and other bone injuries caused by the weakened bone structure in Osteogenesis Imperfecta [18]. The disorder results in fractures and deformity in the bone structure that can be treated, but not cured with the transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells.…”

“…The disorder results in fractures and deformity in the bone structure that can be treated, but not cured with the transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells. So the current treatments available can help manage symptoms of the disorder, but they are not yet curative [18]. These mesenchymal stem cells have the ability to improve bone density and decrease the frequency of fractures in patients [18].…”