The Curative and Prophylactic Effects of Xylopic Acid onPlasmodium bergheiInfection in Mice

Abstract

Efforts have been intensified to search for more effective antimalarial agents because of the observed failure of some artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) treatments of malaria in Ghana. Xylopic acid, a pure compound isolated from the fruits of the Xylopia aethiopica, was investigated to establish its attributable prophylactic, curative antimalarial, and antipyretic properties. The antimalarial properties were determined by employing xylopic acid (10–100 mg/kg) in ICR mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Xylopic acid exerted significant (P < 0.05) effects on P. berghei infection similar to artemether/lumefantrine, the standard drug. Furthermore, it significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced fever in Sprague-Dawley rats similar to prednisolone. Xylopic acid therefore possesses prophylactic and curative antimalarial as well as antipyretic properties which makes it an ideal antimalarial agent.

A Comprehensive View on (−)‐7‐Oxo‐ent‐kaur‐16‐en‐19‐oic Acid, the Major Constituent of Xylopia sericea Leaves Extract: Complete NMR Assignments, X‐Ray Crystallographic Structure, in Vitro Antimalarial Activity and Cytotoxicity

“…[18 -20] Marked in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity was demonstrated for ent-kaurenoic acid derivatives and xylopic acid, respectively. [6,21,22] In this context, the bioguided chromatographic fractionation of an antiplasmodial dichloromethane extract of X. sericea leaves led to the isolation of the rarely described (À )-7-oxo-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid that was identified by the unequivocal assignment of 1D and 2D NMR data and X-ray crystallography that are reported here for the first time.…”

Optical Identification of Plasmodium falciparum Malarial Byproduct for Parasite Density Estimation

“…ree millilitres (3 ml) each of the blood samples, both infected (i-blood) and uninfected (u-blood) samples, were used in preparing 8 thin blood smear slides, 3 stained and 5 unstained, following protocol described by Boampong et al [46], for microscopy imaging. e stained sets were used as training slides and unstained set as test slides.…”

Xylopic Acid-Amodiaquine and Xylopic Acid-Artesunate Combinations are Effective in Managing Malaria in Plasmodium Berghei-infected Mice.

“…About 160 plant families have been established to have antimalarial properties. From these families, more than 1200 species have been documented to have antimalarial properties (1) including Xylopia aethiopica which is used to treat malaria by Ghanaian herbal practitioners (11).…”

“…Furthermore, it significantly reduced the lipopolysaccharide-(LPS) induced fever in Sprague-Dawley rats (11). Thus, xylopic acid possesses prophylactic and curative antimalarial effects along with antipyretic and analgesic properties, making it a promising antimalarial agent.…”