The cumulative dose response effect of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid on blood pressure, plasma lipid profile and diet pattern in mild to moderate essential hypertensive black patients

A systematic review of fish-oil supplements for the prevention and treatment of hypertension

“…One trial did not report the gender of participants. 43 Men formed the majority of participants in all except one trial 46 and the proportion of men ranged from 58 to 100% in the remaining trials. Baseline BP, age, and gender were confirmed as similar in intervention and comparison groups in 78% of parallel trials; two trials 48,49 did not report baseline comparability.…”

Lifestyle interventions to reduce raised blood pressure: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

“…For trials of sodium restriction, the statistically significant relationship between size of study and effect of treatment on DBP (size, P = 0.008) was because smaller trials showed larger reductions in blood pressure [20,92,95,97] than larger trials [93,98]; however, the two larger trials both showed significant reductions, suggesting that the treatment Galloe, 1993Grobbee, 1986Lyle, 1992McCarron, 1985‡ Nowson, 1989a‡ Nowson, 1989b‡ Strazullo, 1986Takagi, 1991Tanji, 1991Weinberger, 1993‡ Zoccali, 1988 Overall effect x x x effect was genuine. For fish oil trials, the relationship between size of study and treatment effect (size: P ¼ 0.10 and 0.03 for SBP and DBP, respectively) occurred because larger trials [138,141,142,144] showed greater reductions in blood pressure than smaller trials [139,140,143,145], and cannot be ascribed to publication bias.…”

“…Trials compared fish oil supplements with a placebo (usually corn [138,140,142], olive [139,145] or safflower oil [141,143,144]), both given as capsules taken several times a day. The fish oil capsules supplied doses of omega-3 fatty acids (typically about 60% eicosapentaenoic and 40% docosahexaenoic), ranging from 0.1 to 17 g/day.…”

N-3 to n-6 fatty acids for managing hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension and atherosclerosis: Is there evidence?

“…Further support for the association between dietary FA and blood pressure came from the pioneering work of Puska and associates who increased dietary linoleic acid at the expense of saturated FA in a Finnish cohort [11] and when, on the other hand, saturated fatty acid intake was increased in Italian families with a relatively high consumption of vegetable oils [28]. Recently several controlled clinical trials [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] have tried to evaluate the relative antihypertensive activity of different unsaturated FA (in particular linoleic acid, marine oil n-3 FA or oleic acid). Several, but not all, reports suggested that n-3 fatty acids have a more pronounced anti-hypertensive effect as compared to vegetable oils (corn oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, etc).…”