The CtsR regulator of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> contains a variant glycine repeat region that affects piezotolerance, stress resistance, motility and virulence

Karatzas, Kimon-Andreas; Wouters, Jeroen A.; Gahan, Cormac G. M.; Hill, Colin; Abee, Tjakko; Bennik, M.H.J.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03636.x

Cited by 90 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In E. coli O157:H7, the natural variation in pressure resistance was suggested to be correlated to the activity of the stationary-phase sigma factor (47). In L. monocytogenes, pressure resistance was caused by a mutation in CtsR, a negative regulator of class III heat shock genes, and was accompanied by enhanced expression of these genes and by enhanced heat resistance (28). Judging from the data shown in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Heat Shock Protein-Mediated Resistance to High Hydrostatic Pressure in Escherichia coli

Aertsen

Vanoirbeek

Spiegeleer

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

134

115

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A random library of Escherichia coli MG1655 genomic fragments fused to a promoterless green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was constructed and screened by differential fluorescence induction for promoters that are induced after exposure to a sublethal high hydrostatic pressure stress. This screening yielded three promoters of genes belonging to the heat shock regulon (dnaK, lon, clpPX), suggesting a role for heat shock proteins in protection against, and/or repair of, damage caused by high pressure. Several further observations provide additional support for this hypothesis: (i) the expression of rpoH, encoding the heat shock-specific sigma factor 32 , was also induced by high pressure; (ii) heat shock rendered E. coli significantly more resistant to subsequent high-pressure inactivation, and this heat shock-induced pressure resistance followed the same time course as the induction of heat shock genes; (iii) basal expression levels of GFP from heat shock promoters, and expression of several heat shock proteins as determined by two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins extracted from pulse-labeled cells, was increased in three previously isolated pressure-resistant mutants of E. coli compared to wild-type levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Heat Shock Protein-Mediated Resistance to High Hydrostatic Pressure in Escherichia coli

Aertsen

Vanoirbeek

Spiegeleer

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

134

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In Streptococcus mutans the clpC operon is induced at low pH (32), which could suggest that the expression of this gene might be induced in L. plantarum during passage through the mouse stomach. Moreover, mutations in the ctsR gene, encoding the clpC regulator, in Listeria monocytogenes displayed reduced survival during the initial stages of murine infection in mice (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification ofLactobacillus plantarumGenes That Are Induced in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Mice

et al. 2004

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Lactobacillus plantarum is a flexible and versatile microorganism that inhabits a variety of environmental niches, including the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Moreover, this lactic acid bacterium can survive passage through the human or mouse stomach in an active form. To investigate the genetic background of this persistence, resolvase-based in vivo expression technology (R-IVET) was performed in L. plantarum WCFS1 by using the mouse GI tract as a model system. This approach identified 72 L. plantarum genes whose expression was induced during passage through the GI tract as compared to laboratory media. Nine of these genes encode sugar-related functions, including ribose, cellobiose, sucrose, and sorbitol transporter genes. Another nine genes encode functions involved in acquisition and synthesis of amino acids, nucleotides, cofactors, and vitamins, indicating their limited availability in the GI tract. Four genes involved in stress-related functions were identified, reflecting the harsh conditions that L. plantarum encounters in the GI tract. The four extracellular protein encoding genes identified could potentially be involved in interaction with host specific factors. The rest of the genes are part of several functionally unrelated pathways or encode (conserved) hypothetical proteins. Remarkably, a large number of the functions or pathways identified here have previously been identified in pathogens as being important in vivo during infection, strongly suggesting that survival rather than virulence is the explanation for the importance of these genes during host residence.Traditionally, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are applied extensively in the production of a wide variety of fermented food and feed products. In addition, certain LAB species, in particular from the genus Lactobacillus, are natural inhabitants of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and may have probiotic effects in humans and animals (2). Moreover, LAB have great potential to serve as delivery vehicles of health-promoting or therapeutic compounds to the human GI tract (20,48). Among the different species encompassed by this genus, Lactobacillus plantarum is encountered in many environmental niches, including some dairy, meat, and a variety of vegetable fermentations (28). Because of the long tradition of utilization of L. plantarum in industrial and artisanal fermentations, this microbe is generally regarded as safe. In addition to the occurrence of L. plantarum in our diets, this microbe is frequently encountered as a natural inhabitant of the human GI tract (2). The complete 3.3-Mbp genome sequence of L. plantarum WCFS1 has been determined (28). This strain is a single-colony isolate of strain NCIMB8826, which effectively survives passage of the human stomach in an active form, reaches the ileum in high numbers compared to other strains, and is detectable in the colon (51). Intriguingly, genome sequence comparison revealed that the closest relatives of L. plantarum include Listeria innocua and L. monocytogenes, which also naturally inhabit ...

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“…A secondary pathway (referred to as class II genes) is controlled by an alternative sigma factor, B , which, like the putative C , is induced under a wide variety of environmental and physical stress conditions including heat shock (2,6,34,60,63). The third pathway is controlled by CtsR, the proximal gene of the clp operon in B. subtilis and L. monocytogenes (33,44). Like HrcA, CtsR is a DNA-binding protein that acts to negatively regulate expression of its target genes in a temperature-dependent manner (36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several different stress adaptation systems have been defined for L. monocytogenes that contribute to growth characteristics under these conditions (2,13,33,63). These characteristics facilitate contamination of foods and subsequent transmission to humans and have also been shown to contribute to virulence (18,34,42,53,62).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Consequences of Genome Evolution inListeria monocytogenes: the lmo0423 and lmo0422 Genes Encode σ^Cand LstR, a Lineage II-Specific Heat Shock System

2005

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Listeria monocytogenes strains belonging to phylogenetic lineage II (serotypes 1/2a, 1/2c, and 3a) carry a lineage-specific genome segment encoding a putative sigma subunit of RNA polymerase (lmo0423, herein referred to as sigC), a gene of unknown function (lmo0422) similar to the padR family of regulators, and a gene that is similar to the rodA-ftsW family of cell wall morphology genes (lmo0421). To understand the function of this set of genes, their expression patterns and the effects of null mutations in the lineage II L. monocytogenes strain 10403S were examined. The data are consistent with the three genes comprising an operon (the sigC operon) that is highly induced by temperature upshift. The operon is transcribed from three different promoters, the proximal of which (P1) depends upon sigC itself. Null mutations in sigC or lmo0422 increase the death rate at lethal temperatures and cause loss of thermal adaptive response, whereas the lmo0421 mutation causes only a loss of the adaptive response component. Only the sigC mutation affects transcription from the P1 promoter, whereas ectopic expression of lmo0422 from the P SPAC promoter complements the individual lmo0422 and sigC null mutations, showing that lmo0422 is the actual thermal resistance regulator or effector while sigC provides a mechanism for temperature-dependent transcription of lmo0422 from P1. Our genetic and phylogenetic analyses are consistent with lmo0422-renamed lstR (for lineage-specific thermal regulator)-and sigC comprising a system of thermal resistance that was ancestral to the genus Listeria and was subsequently lost during divergence of the lineage I L. monocytogenes population.

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The CtsR regulator of Listeria monocytogenes contains a variant glycine repeat region that affects piezotolerance, stress resistance, motility and virulence

Cited by 90 publications

References 48 publications

Heat Shock Protein-Mediated Resistance to High Hydrostatic Pressure in Escherichia coli

Heat Shock Protein-Mediated Resistance to High Hydrostatic Pressure in Escherichia coli

Identification ofLactobacillus plantarumGenes That Are Induced in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Mice

Functional Consequences of Genome Evolution inListeria monocytogenes: the lmo0423 and lmo0422 Genes Encode σ^Cand LstR, a Lineage II-Specific Heat Shock System

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The CtsR regulator of Listeria monocytogenes contains a variant glycine repeat region that affects piezotolerance, stress resistance, motility and virulence

Cited by 90 publications

References 48 publications

Heat Shock Protein-Mediated Resistance to High Hydrostatic Pressure in Escherichia coli

Heat Shock Protein-Mediated Resistance to High Hydrostatic Pressure in Escherichia coli

Identification ofLactobacillus plantarumGenes That Are Induced in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Mice

Functional Consequences of Genome Evolution inListeria monocytogenes: the lmo0423 and lmo0422 Genes Encode σCand LstR, a Lineage II-Specific Heat Shock System

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Functional Consequences of Genome Evolution inListeria monocytogenes: the lmo0423 and lmo0422 Genes Encode σ^Cand LstR, a Lineage II-Specific Heat Shock System