“…Conversely, the blood concentration of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I increases during exercise (Schwarz et al, 1996) and IGF-I is superior to insulin in regard to both glucose transport into the brain (Reinhardt and Bondy, 1994) and its stimulatory effect on brain glucose metabolism (Cheng et al, 2000;Dringen and Hamprecht, 1992). However, increased levels of IGF-I in blood with exercise do not affect A-JV IGF and IGF-I remains low in the CSF ( < 21 ng) as a potential site of entry (Dalsgaard et al, 2004b). ; 'Submax, 10 mins', mean value from four bouts of light exercise (Dalsgaard et al, 2002(Dalsgaard et al, , 2003; 'Max arm, 35 mins' (Dalsgaard et al, 2004d); 'Leg + curare, 10 mins' (Dalsgaard et al, 2002); 'Leg, 10 mins + PEMI (post-exercise muscle ischemia), 5 mins' and 'Leg + thigh cuffs, 10 mins' (Dalsgaard et al, 2003); 'Max leg + heat, 60 mins' (Nybo et al, 2003b); 'Max leg, 12 mins' (Dalsgaard et al, 2002;Ide et al, 2000b); Max leg, 25 mins (Dalsgaard et al, 2004a); 'Max leg + arm, 12 mins' (Dalsgaard et al, 2004c); 'Max leg + heat, 6 mins' (Gonzalez-Alonso et al, 2004); Visual cortex (Fox et al, 1988).…”