The Crystallization, Denaturation and Flocculation of Proteins with Special Reference to Albumin and Hemoglobin; together with an Appendix on the Physicochemical Behavior of Glycine.

Lewis, William C.

doi:10.1021/cr60029a002

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In this section, we will focus on amino acids, but also point out other relevant organic systems. The most prominent-and also simple-example of an amino acid is glycine, where the existence and structure of the dimer, under different experimental conditions in solution, has been recurrently and heavily debated in the literature over the past century, [131][132][133][134] due to potential implications for polymorph selection during glycine crystallisation. 135,136 Nonetheless, in early studies it had already been proposed that the association of amino acids in solution may well proceed beyond simple dimerisation, even though larger species could at first only be detected in supersaturated systems close to the point of nucleation, primarily by means of diffusivity measurements and sedimentation analyses.…”

Section: Amino Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-nucleation clusters as solute precursors in crystallisation

et al. 2014

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Crystallisation is at the heart of various scientific disciplines, but still the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying phase separation and the formation of the first solid particles in aqueous solution is rather limited. In this review, classical nucleation theory, as well as established concepts of spinodal decomposition and liquid-liquid demixing, is introduced together with a description of the recently proposed pre-nucleation cluster pathway. The features of pre-nucleation clusters are presented and discussed in relation to recent modifications of the classical and established models for phase separation, together with a review of experimental work and computer simulations on the characteristics of pre-nucleation clusters of calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, iron(oxy)(hydr)oxide, silica, and also amino acids as an example of small organic molecules. The role of pre-nucleation clusters as solute precursors in the emergence of a new phase is summarized, and the link between the chemical speciation of homogeneous solutions and the process of phase separation via pre-nucleation clusters is highlighted.

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Section: Amino Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-nucleation clusters as solute precursors in crystallisation

et al. 2014

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“…A number of papers have suggested that glycine tends to form hydrogen-bonded dimers in aqueous solution. In the early 1930s, several studies 23,24 were carried out on the depression of freezing point of water due to glycine, which led to the conclusion 24 that there is a significant extent of dimerization. Diffusion measurements by Gouy interferometry 25 also suggested that clustering of glycine molecules occurs in aged, super-saturated solutions.…”

Section: Background To Polymorphism Of Glycinementioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-technique approach for probing the evolution of structural properties during crystallization of organic materials from solution

et al. 2007

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We are engaged in a multidisciplinary study of fundamental aspects of the crystallization of organic molecular materials from solution, focusing on polymorphic systems under the recognition that such systems represent an ideal opportunity for obtaining a systematic understanding of competing pathways in crystallization processes. The range of techniques employed in this work are sensitive to structural properties on different length scales and are thus appropriate for mapping the changes that occur at different stages of the crystallization process, starting from the early aggregation events in solution (probed by solution-state NMR and molecular dynamics simulations, including studies of diffusion properties), leading to the growth of molecular aggregates (probed by small-angle neutron scattering), then the emergence of solid microcrystals dispersed in the crystallization solution (probed by small-angle neutron scattering and solid-state NMR) and finally the formation of the bulk solid crystalline phase (probed by powder X-ray diffraction). This paper reports preliminary results on the application of this multi-technique approach to study the crystallization of glycine (which has three known polymorphic forms under ambient conditions) from aqueous solution.

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“…Earlier work suggested, on the basis of solution, , interfacial and solid-state chemistry that at and around the isoelectric point, glycine is dimerized in solution as centrosymmetric pairs of zwitterions as shown in Scheme (and later in Figure ). It is then apparent that nucleation from such solutions could lead directly and spontaneously to the metastable α structure …”

Section: Introduction−historical Background and The Conundrummentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Molecular Speciation on Crystal Nucleation in Polymorphic Systems: The Conundrum of γ Glycine and Molecular ‘Self Poisoning'

Towler¹,

Davey²,

Lancaster³

et al. 2004

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

189

326

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The polymorphism of the simple amino acid glycine has been known for almost a century. It is also known that in aqueous solutions, at the isoelectric point (pI 5.9), the metastable alpha polymorph crystallizes, while the stable gamma form of glycine only nucleates at high and low pH. Despite the importance of understanding the process by which crystals nucleate, the solution and solid-state chemistry underlying this simple observation have never been explored. In this contribution, we have combined solution chemistry, crystallization, and crystallographic data to investigate the mechanisms by which this effect occurs. It is concluded that solution speciation and the consequent interactions between charged species and developing crystal nuclei determine the structural outcome of the crystallization process.

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The Crystallization, Denaturation and Flocculation of Proteins with Special Reference to Albumin and Hemoglobin; together with an Appendix on the Physicochemical Behavior of Glycine.

Cited by 29 publications

References 19 publications

Pre-nucleation clusters as solute precursors in crystallisation

Pre-nucleation clusters as solute precursors in crystallisation

A multi-technique approach for probing the evolution of structural properties during crystallization of organic materials from solution

Impact of Molecular Speciation on Crystal Nucleation in Polymorphic Systems: The Conundrum of γ Glycine and Molecular ‘Self Poisoning'

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