The Crystalline State

Sperling, L. H.

doi:10.1002/0471757128.ch6

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 96 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The leaching process of spodumene concentrate in a KOH solution is a liquid–solid noncatalytic heterogeneous reaction system. To determine the rate-controlling step in the leaching process, the kinetic models with different mechanisms were used to fit the experimental data in Figure , in which the kinetic data fitted best with the Avrami–Erofeev equation model. − The Avrami–Eroeev equation based on the theory of “nucleation and growth of nuclei” have successfully explained the leaching kinetics of various solid–liquid reactions, − given as follows: where X is the lithium extraction efficiency at time t , K the overall reaction rate constants (min –1 ), t the leaching time (min), and n the Avrami index ( n is usually 1, 2, or 3, representing one-, two-, and three-dimensional forms of growth, respectively). The logarithm form of eq could be expressed as follows: …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics and Mechanism of Lithium Extraction from α-Spodumene in Potassium Hydroxide Solution

Qiu

Zhu

Jiang

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lithium extraction from α-spodumene in a potassium hydroxide solution was proposed to provide a new green metallurgical process for spodumene concentrate. The structure of α-spodumene could be destroyed directly by a KOH solution, and new solid-phase products of Li2SiO3 and KAlSiO4 were generated simultaneously. The total lithium extraction efficiency could reach 89.9%, of which 84.1% was converted into Li2SiO3 and 5.8% converted into the liquid phase under optimal conditions: initial KOH concentration of 50 wt %, stirring speed of 500 rpm, mass ratio of KOH/ore of 2:1, leaching temperature of 523.15 K, and leaching time of 16 h. The experimental data fitted well with the Avrami–Erofeev equation model, –ln(1 – X) = (Kt) n . The apparent activation energy and Avrami index were calculated as 106.37 kJ·mol–1 and 0.80, respectively.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics and Mechanism of Lithium Extraction from α-Spodumene in Potassium Hydroxide Solution

Qiu

Zhu

Jiang

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Low‐Temperature Plasma Sintering of Inkjet‐Printed Metal Salt Decomposition Inks on Flexible Substrates

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Due to their complex formulation, conductive nanoparticle inks for inkjet printing are limited in terms of the types of metals and substrates that can be utilized. A new and simplified class of inks called metal salt decomposition (MSD) inks has the potential to introduce a multitude of metals, which can be printed directly onto a wide range of substrates. Here, the use of atmospheric oxygen plasma to develop polycrystalline Au and Pt films at processing temperatures near room temperature (≈33 °C) with excellent conductivities up to 105 S m−1 is demonstrated. The conformal nature of the ink allows metal films to be printed onto a broad range of temperature‐sensitive substrates including polymers, papers, and fabric. The Au ink is then used to build a simple light‐emitting diode circuit showing its flexibility, durability, and long‐term stability as deposited thin metal films. Additionally, such inks cost less than one‐third the price of similar nanoparticle inks highlighting their overall affordability and good stability.

show abstract

Volumetric Printing of Thiol‐Ene Photo‐Cross‐Linkable Poly(ε‐caprolactone): A Tunable Material Platform Serving Biomedical Applications

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Current thoroughly described biodegradable and cross‐linkable polymers mainly rely on acrylate cross‐linking. However, despite the swift cross‐linking kinetics of acrylates, the concomitant brittleness of the resulting materials limits their applicability. Here, photo‐cross‐linkable poly(ε‐caprolactone) networks through orthogonal thiol‐ene chemistry are introduced. The step‐growth polymerized networks are tunable, predictable by means of the rubber elasticity theory and it is shown that their mechanical properties are significantly improved over their acrylate cross‐linked counterparts. Tunability is introduced to the materials, by altering Mc (or the molar mass between cross‐links), and its effect on the thermal properties, mechanical strength and degradability of the materials is evaluated. Moreover, excellent volumetric printability is illustrated and the smallest features obtained via volumetric 3D‐printing to date are reported, for thiol‐ene systems. Finally, by means of in vitro and in vivo characterization of 3D‐printed constructs, it is illustrated that the volumetrically 3D‐printed materials are biocompatible. This combination of mechanical stability, tunability, biocompatibility, and rapid fabrication by volumetric 3D‐printing charts a new path toward bedside manufacturing of biodegradable patient‐specific implants.

show abstract

The Crystalline State

Cited by 7 publications

References 96 publications

Kinetics and Mechanism of Lithium Extraction from α-Spodumene in Potassium Hydroxide Solution

Kinetics and Mechanism of Lithium Extraction from α-Spodumene in Potassium Hydroxide Solution

Low‐Temperature Plasma Sintering of Inkjet‐Printed Metal Salt Decomposition Inks on Flexible Substrates

Volumetric Printing of Thiol‐Ene Photo‐Cross‐Linkable Poly(ε‐caprolactone): A Tunable Material Platform Serving Biomedical Applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About