The crucial role of multiomic approach in cancer research and clinically relevant outcomes

Abstract

Cancer with heavily economic and social burden is the hot point in the field of medical research. Some remarkable achievements have been made; however, the exact mechanisms of tumor initiation and development remain unclear. Cancer is a complex, whole-body disease that involves multiple abnormalities in the levels of DNA, RNA, protein, metabolite and medical imaging. Biological omics including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and radiomics aims to systematically understand carcinogenesis in different biological levels, which is driving the shift of cancer research paradigm from single parameter model to multi-parameter systematical model. The rapid development of various omics technologies is driving one to conveniently get multi-omics data, which accelerates predictive, preventive and personalized medicine (PPPM) practice allowing prediction of response with substantially increased accuracy, stratification of particular patients and eventual personalization of medicine. This review article describes the methodology, advances, and clinically relevant outcomes of different “omics” technologies in cancer research, and especially emphasizes the importance and scientific merit of integrating multi-omics in cancer research and clinically relevant outcomes.

Recognition of Multiomics-Based Molecule-Pattern Biomarker for Precise Prediction, Diagnosis, and Prognostic Assessment in Cancer

“…It possesses a lot of advantages, for instance, high throughput, high sensitivity, high resolution, and no reconstructions. RNA-seq is able to analyze the whole transcriptome of any species, including detection of unknown genes or transcripts, exact identification of the cleavage site, and a variable SNP or untranslated region (UTR region) [16]. In another hand, the research field of noncoding RNA (ncRNA) should be paid more attention.…”

“…So far, only the sequence and copy number of DNAs and RNAs in a genome are able to measure with current technologies. However, a lot of information can be acquired in a proteome, including amino acid sequence, copy number, splicing, variants, post-translational modifications (PTMs), spatial conformation, and spatial redistribution [16]. Proteomics mainly applies to the detection, identification, and quantification of the protein in a defined system (cell, tissue, organ, and organelles).…”

<p>Application of Radiomics for Personalized Treatment of Cancer Patients</p>

“…When combined with traditional histology and new high-throughput platforms, non-invasive imaging can diagnose tumors earlier and more accurately, allowing tumor staging and prognosis at a level that truly achieves the concept of precision medicine. 4 Precision medicine is a component of personalized treatments intended to design patient-tailored therapies that optimize the genotype and phenotypic characteristics of an individual (for example, using patients' genes and their transcripts, proteins, and metabolites). Research in precision medicine involves systems biology methods that integrate mathematical modeling, biogenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics.…”

Editorial: Molecular Network Study of Pituitary Adenomas

“…Of course, the mechanism of the invasiveness of pituitary adenomas is very complex. Multiomicsbased molecular network investigation might provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets of pituitary adenoma invasiveness (5,11). Molecular networks are an effective approach to annotate the interactome in pituitary adenomas for in-depth insight into its molecular mechanisms and discovery of effective biomarkers and therapeutic targets (12,13).…”

“…Future issues will collect more multiomics-based molecular network studies with large-scale clinical information for basic research, translational research, and clinical practice in pituitary adenomas. We strongly believe that multiomics-based molecular network studies, molecular network-based therapeutic target and drug studies, and molecular network-based pattern biomarker studies (5,10,11,13,(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37) will bring a brighter future for pituitary adenoma patients through the realization of personalized and precision medicine.…”