The Crosstalk of Long Non-Coding RNA and MicroRNA in Castration-Resistant and Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer: Their Interaction and Clinical Importance

Hu, Chih-Lin; Wu, Kuan-Yu; Lin, Tsung-Yen; Chen, Chia Ling

doi:10.3390/ijms23010392

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…However, with the widespread use of Enzalutamide and Abiraterone, a subset of CRPC patients developed neuroendocrine progression, termed as anti-AR treatmentinduced NEPC (t-NEPC) (72,73), accounting for more than 25-30% mortality of CRPC fatality (74). There were multiple mechanisms involved in NEPC progression, including attenuated control of transcriptional factors, metabolic alterations, aberrant activation of cellular kinases, long noncoding RNAs, transcriptional splicing, and epigenetic modifications (75)(76)(77)(78)(79)(80)(81)(82)(83)(84)(85)(86)(87). It is postulated that extensive stress of AR inhibition under the long-term ADT condition forced an epigenetic reprogramming of CRPC cells into neuroendocrinal trans-differentiation (88)(89)(90)(91)(92)(93).…”

Section: Androgen Deprivation and Anti-androgen Therapies In The Clinicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Androgen Receptor Therapies in Prostate Cancer: A Brief Update and Perspective

Huang

Lin

2022

Front. Oncol.

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Prostate cancer is a major health issue in western countries and is the second leading cause of cancer death in American men. Prostate cancer depends on the androgen receptor (AR), a transcriptional factor critical for prostate cancer growth and progression. Castration by surgery or medical treatment reduces androgen levels, resulting in prostatic atrophy and prostate cancer regression. Thus, metastatic prostate cancers are initially managed with androgen deprivation therapy. Unfortunately, prostate cancers rapidly relapse after castration therapy and progress to a disease stage called castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Currently, clinical treatment for CRPCs is focused on suppressing AR activity with antagonists like Enzalutamide or by reducing androgen production with Abiraterone. In clinical practice, these treatments fail to yield a curative benefit in CRPC patients in part due to AR gene mutations or splicing variations, resulting in AR reactivation. It is conceivable that eliminating the AR protein in prostate cancer cells is a promising solution to provide a potential curative outcome. Multiple strategies have emerged, and several potent agents that reduce AR protein levels were reported to eliminate xenograft tumor growth in preclinical models via distinct mechanisms, including proteasome-mediated degradation, heat-shock protein inhibition, AR splicing suppression, blockage of AR nuclear localization, AR N-terminal suppression. A few small chemical compounds are undergoing clinical trials combined with existing AR antagonists. AR protein elimination by enhanced protein or mRNA degradation is a realistic solution for avoiding AR reactivation during androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancers.

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Section: Androgen Deprivation and Anti-androgen Therapies In The Clinicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Androgen Receptor Therapies in Prostate Cancer: A Brief Update and Perspective

Huang

Lin

2022

Front. Oncol.

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“…The non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a large class of RNAs that lack protein-coding capabilities, and are subdivided into microRNAs (miRNAs), small nuclear RNAs (snoRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs). These ncRNAs can play diverse roles as the regulators of processes such as differentiation, metabolic activity, and apoptosis [ 174 , 175 , 176 ]. The dysregulation of specific ncRNAs can contribute to the development and progression of PCA, with many studies having thus explored patterns of differential ncRNA expression during the different stages of PCA [ 175 , 176 , 177 , 178 , 179 ].…”

Section: Non-ar Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These ncRNAs can play diverse roles as the regulators of processes such as differentiation, metabolic activity, and apoptosis [ 174 , 175 , 176 ]. The dysregulation of specific ncRNAs can contribute to the development and progression of PCA, with many studies having thus explored patterns of differential ncRNA expression during the different stages of PCA [ 175 , 176 , 177 , 178 , 179 ]. An increasing number of ncRNAs have been identified using high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technologies, playing important roles in the development of CRPC through various mechanisms [ 180 ].…”

Section: Non-ar Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the Current Understanding of the Mechanisms Governing the Acquisition of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Mao

Yang

Li³

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Despite aggressive treatment and androgen-deprivation therapy, most prostate cancer patients ultimately develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which is associated with high mortality rates. However, the mechanisms governing the development of CRPC are poorly understood, and androgen receptor (AR) signaling has been shown to be important in CRPC through AR gene mutations, gene overexpression, co-regulatory factors, AR shear variants, and androgen resynthesis. A growing number of non-AR pathways have also been shown to influence the CRPC progression, including the Wnt and Hh pathways. Moreover, non-coding RNAs have been identified as important regulators of the CRPC pathogenesis. The present review provides an overview of the relevant literature pertaining to the mechanisms governing the molecular acquisition of castration resistance in prostate cancer, providing a foundation for future, targeted therapeutic efforts.

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“…Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, are also critical for the progression of PC as they are associated with increased activation of the oncogene signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) ( Culig et al, 2005 ) ( Rojas et al, 2011 ). The interplay between lncRNAs and miRNAs has also been reported as key to modulate the expression of genes involved in PC development and progression ( Hu et al, 2022 ). lncRNAs such as PC associated transcript-1 and -3 (PCAT1 and PCAT3) increase proliferation of cancer cells whereas PCAT29 decreases both proliferation and migration of PC cells ( Malik et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease-Associated Regulation of Non-Coding RNAs by Resveratrol: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Applications

Giordo

Wehbe

Posadino

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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There have been significant advances, particularly over the last 20 years, in the identification of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and their pathophysiological role in a wide range of disease states, particularly cancer and other chronic conditions characterized by excess inflammation and oxidative stress such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, multiple sclerosis, osteoporosis, liver and lung fibrosis. Such discoveries have potential therapeutic implications as a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the effects of ncRNAs on critical homeostatic control mechanisms and biochemical pathways might lead to the identification of novel druggable targets. In this context, increasing evidence suggests that several natural compounds can target ncRNAs at different levels and, consequently, influence processes involved in the onset and progression of disease states. The natural phenol resveratrol has been extensively studied for therapeutic purposes in view of its established anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, particularly in disease states such as cancer and cardiovascular disease that are associated with human aging. However, increasing in vitro and in vivo evidence also suggests that resveratrol can directly target various ncRNAs and that this mediates, at least in part, its potential therapeutic effects. This review critically appraises the available evidence regarding the resveratrol-mediated modulation of different ncRNAs in a wide range of disease states characterized by a pro-inflammatory state and oxidative stress, the potential therapeutic applications, and future research directions.

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The Crosstalk of Long Non-Coding RNA and MicroRNA in Castration-Resistant and Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer: Their Interaction and Clinical Importance

Cited by 17 publications

References 122 publications

Anti-Androgen Receptor Therapies in Prostate Cancer: A Brief Update and Perspective

Anti-Androgen Receptor Therapies in Prostate Cancer: A Brief Update and Perspective

Advances in the Current Understanding of the Mechanisms Governing the Acquisition of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Disease-Associated Regulation of Non-Coding RNAs by Resveratrol: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Applications

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