The cross-sectional effects of ribbon arch wires on Class II malocclusion intermaxillary traction: a three-dimensional finite element analysis

Abstract

Background The application of intermaxillary traction is often accompanied by the unexpected movement of dentition, especially anchorage teeth. The aim of this study was to comprehensively compare the influence of cross-sectional shape of ribbon arch wires with edgewise and round wires on intermaxillary traction in Class II malocclusion treatment using FEA simulation. Methods The dentofacial structure was simulated in finite element software. A retraction force of 1.5 N was applied to different cross-sectional orthodontic arch wires: a ribbon wire (0.025 × 0.017-in. and 0.025 × 0.019-in.), a rectangular wire (0.017 × 0.025-in. and 0.019 × 0.025-in.) and a round wire (Φ 0.018-in. and Φ 0.020-in.). Results Among the three groups, ribbon wire (0.025 × 0.017-in. and 0.025 × 0.019-in.) exhibited the lowest displacement in the X-axis (12.61 μm and 12.77 μm, respectively) and Z-axis (8.99 μm and 9.06 μm, respectively). However, the 0.025 × 0.017-in. ribbon wire showed the highest Y-axis displacement. In the round wire group, Φ 0.020-in. wire displayed less rotation than Φ 0.018-in. wire, where the sagittal, frontal and occlusal rotation of Φ 0.020-in. wire was almost half of that of Φ 0.018-in. wire. The movement of the first molar region was intermediate between the ribbon arch group and the round wire group. Notably, the values of the 0.025 × 0.017-in. arch wire displacement, which were higher than those of any other group, peaked at 0.019 mm in the central incisor region with a spike-like shape. The deformation range of the Φ 0.018-in. wire group was the largest in this study. Conclusions The cross-section of the arch wire influenced force delivery in Class II intermaxillary traction. With the same shape, a larger cross-sectional area led to less mandibular dentition movement. For the rectangular arch wire and ribbon arch wire groups, since the height and width were inverted, the vertical displacement of anchorage teeth in the ribbon wire group was reduced, but the possibility of buccal tipping in mandibular anterior teeth also increased.

Comparative evaluation of the dentoalveolar effects of three Class II correctors: A finite element analysis study

“…The Forsus FRD showed intrusion of the upper molars and lower incisors. Our results agree with diverse clinical studies of the studied appliances (Aras and Pasaoglu, 2017; Cacciatore et al, 2014a; Jones et al, 2008; Kim-Berman et al, 2019; Xie and Li, 2021).…”

“…In the present study, we also found the highest concentration of stress in the lower arch at the first molars in the Class II elastics model, but we noted compressive stress in the buccal distal region and tensile stress in the mesial cervical region. Xie and Li (2021) found that with Class II elastics, the highest von Mises yield in the lower arch at the PDL was located in the distal root of the first molars, which decreased gradually in the mesial direction.…”

“…They found lingual tipping of the lower central incisors and mesial tipping of the lower first molars, producing mandibular anchorage loss. Xie and Li (2021) studied the influence of the cross-sectional shape of ribbon archwires on intermaxillary traction in Class II malocclusion treatment and found mesial displacement of the lower dentition and labial-oriented inclination of the anterior teeth. FEM studies with Forsus FRD (Akış and Doruk, 2018; Chaudhry et al, 2015) were consistent with our findings.…”

Chronic Kidney Disease and Periodontitis Interplay—A Narrative Review

“…Ethnic differences may, however, play a role: prevalence of PO in CKD patients was more important in non-Hispanic Blacks and Mexican Americans, but not so in non-Hispanic Whites in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cohort [24]. As CKD progresses, the prevalence of PO increases, being more important in advanced stages [4,6] when compared to earlier stages of CKD [25,26]. In dialysis patients, the prevalence of PO exceeds 50% of patients [27][28][29][30], and in some reports approaches 100% in peritoneal [31] and hemo-dialysis (HD) patients [32].…”

“…However, increased cardiovascular risk and mortality is also present in pre-dialysis stages, with CKD being a major cardiovascular risk factor [4]. Mortality, morbidity, and impaired quality of life in CKD patients result in significant decrease in disease-adjusted life years associated with this condition [6]. There are efficient ways to decrease progression of CKD and improve outcomes of these patients.…”