The critical thermal limits for the stone loach, <i>Noemacheilus barbatulus</i>, from three populations in north‐west England

Elliott, J. M.; Elliott, J.A.K.; Allonby, J.D.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.1994.tb01150.x

Cited by 23 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…On the other hand, some studies have failed to show thermal tolerance differences in populations from thermally contrasting environments (Brown and Feldmeth, 1971;Elliott et al, 1994;Smale and Rabeni, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific variation in thermal tolerance and heat shock protein gene expression in common killifish,Fundulus heteroclitus

Fangue

Hofmeister

Schulte

2006

Journal of Experimental Biology

416

384

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SUMMARY Populations of common killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, are distributed along the Atlantic coast of North America through a steep latitudinal thermal gradient. We examined intraspecific variation in whole-animal thermal tolerance and its relationship to the heat shock response in killifish from the northern and southern extremes of the species range. Critical thermal maxima were significantly higher in southern than in northern fish by ∼1.5°C at a wide range of acclimation temperatures (from 2-34°C), and critical thermal minima differed by ∼1.5°C at acclimation temperatures above 22°C, converging on the freezing point of brackish water at lower acclimation temperatures. To determine whether these differences in whole-organism thermal tolerance were reflected in differences in either the sequence or regulation of the heat shock protein genes(hsps) we obtained complete cDNA sequences for hsc70, hsp70-1 and hsp70-2, and partial sequences of hsp90α and hsp90β. There were no fixed differences in amino acid sequence between populations in either hsp70-1 or hsp70-2, and only a single conservative substitution between populations in hsc70. By contrast, there were significant differences between populations in the expression of many, but not all, of these genes. Both northern and southern killifish significantly increased hsp70-2 levels above control values(Ton) at a heat shock temperature of 33°C, but the magnitude of this induction was greater in northern fish, suggesting that northern fish may be more susceptible to thermal damage than are southern fish. In contrast, hsp70-1 mRNA levels increased gradually and to the same extent in response to heat shock in both populations. Hsc70 mRNA levels were significantly elevated by heat shock in southern fish, but not in northern fish. Similarly, the more thermotolerant southern killifish had a Ton for hsp90α of 30°C, 2°C lower than that of northern fish. This observation combined with the ability of southern killifish to upregulate hsc70 in response to heat shock suggests a possible role for these hsps in whole-organism differences in thermal tolerance. These data highlight the importance of considering the complexity of the heat shock response across multiple isoforms when attempting to make linkages to whole-organism traits such as thermal tolerance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific variation in thermal tolerance and heat shock protein gene expression in common killifish,Fundulus heteroclitus

Fangue

Hofmeister

Schulte

2006

Journal of Experimental Biology

416

384

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“…CTmax was defined as the point at which ventilation (flaring of the gills) ceased. CTmin was defined as the point at which the righting response was lost; this is a traditional measure of thermal stress tolerance in physiological zoology (Prosser 1973;Bulger and Schultz 1979;Fields et al 1987;ForsterBlouin 1989;Elliot et al 1994;Elliot and Elliot 1995;Meffe et al 1995). Thermal stress was continued until half the individuals in a trial had reached the critical thermal limit (analogous to an LD50).…”

Section: Selection Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct and Correlated Responses to Artificial Selection on Acute Thermal Stress Tolerance in a Livebearing Fish

Baer

Travis

2000

Evolution

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Abstract. Tradeoffs in performance or fitness across environments have important implications regarding the nature of evolutionary constraints. It remains controversial whether tradeoffs such as these reflect genetic correlations that are genuine evolutionary constraints. However, if such long-term genetic constraints do exist, they must be due to underlying pleiotropy such that alleles that confer high performance in one environment invariably confer low performance in another. The distribution of genetic correlations within and among populations can provide insight about the existence of such pleiotropic tradeoffs.The long-term association of certain teleost fish taxa with particular abiotic environments suggests that tradeoffs in performance across environments have constrained the geographic distribution of those taxa. Here we report the results of an experiment in which we artificially selected on acute heat-and cold-stress tolerance in two stocks of the poeciliid fish Heterandria formosa from source populations with different thermal histories. Unexpectedly, we observed no direct responses to selection. Under certain conditions, fish from the different source populations differed significantly in cold tolerance, but not in heat tolerance. The results suggest there are no strong pleiotropic tradeoffs between heat-and cold-stress tolerance in these populations.Key words. Correlated evolution, evolutionary constraint, Heterandria formosa, selection experiment.Received January 7, 1999. Accepted July 19, 1999.Although tradeoffs in performance or fitness across environments have important implications throughout evolutionary biology, they are central to hypotheses in biogeography and the determination of species ranges. For example, tradeoffs between heat and cold tolerance among closely related species from different latitudes or altitudes are well documented (Prosser 1986, ch. 7; Cossins and Bowler 1987, ch. 6) and similar tradeoffs have been observed among conspecific populations (Hoffman and Parsons 1991;Hoffman and Watson 1993). Such tradeoffs imply negative genetic correlations between performance and/or fitness in different abiotic environments and are the heart of the argument that species distributions are constrained by tradeoffs in the response to abiotic selective forces (Dunson and Travis 1991).If and when evolutionary constraints will be honestly reflected by observed genetic correlations has been the subject of substantial research and debate (e.g., Rose and Charlesworth 1981;Rose 1982;Via and Lande 1985;Cheverud 1988;Gillespie and Turelli 1989;Charlesworth 1990;Houle 1991;Perrin and Travis 1992;Curtsinger et al. 1994;Schluter 1996). Indeed, tradeoffs such as those observed between heat and cold tolerance can have at least three genetic foundations, only one of which will generate long-term evolutionary constraints.Consider two conspecific populations, one inhabiting a warm environment and the other a cool environment, that exhibit the type of tradeoff described above (individuals from the warm e...

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“…Their model shows that the slower the rate of temperature change, the smaller the difference is between estimates of the upper incipient lethal temperature and the critical thermal maximum. Although their model was found to be a poor fit to the data from the preliminary experiments of the present study and to similar data for stone loach (Elliott et al, 1994), their logic is still applicable and therefore the lethal temperature at the origin in Fig. 1 should provide an estimate of the highest upper incipient lethal temperature (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

The critical thermal limits for the bullhead, Cottus gobio, from three populations in north‐west England

Elliott

1995

Freshwater Biology

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1. The objective was to determine the thermal limits for feeding and sur\'ival in the bullhead, Cottus gobio, using juveniles (total length 20-30 mm, live weight 0.5-1.5 g) from one population and adults (50-70 mm, 3.5-5.5 g) from three populations. 2. Fish were acclimated to constant temperatures (3, 7, 10, 15, 20, 25 or 27 °C) and the temperature was then changed at a rate of 1 °C /30 min to determine the critical limits for feeding, survival over 7 days (incipient lethal temperature), or survival for 10 min or less (ultimate lethal temperature). The rate of 1 °C/30 min was the optimum value from preliminary experiments, using nine rates from 0.5 °C/48 h to 18 °C h"'. As values for adults were not significantly different between populations, they were pooled to provide arithmetic means (with 95% CL) for the thermal limits at each acclimation temperature. 3. Feeding limits increased with acclimation temperature to upper and lower mean values (± 95% CL) of 26.5 ± 0.16 °C and 4.2 ± 0.20 °C for adults, 26.6 ± 0.59 "C and 5.0 ± 0.55 °C for juveniles. Incipient lethal levels defined a tolerance zone within which fish survive indefinitely; upper limits increased with acclimation temperature to a plateau of 27.6 ± 0.22 °C for adults and 27.5 ± 0.47 "C for juveniles, lower limits increased from near 0 °C to 2.5 ± 0.31 °C for adults and 2.7 ± 0.47 °C for juveniles. Ultimate lethal levels increased with acclimation temperature to a plateau of 32.5 ± 0.24 °C for adults and 32.6 ± 0.46 °C for juveniles, whilst the lower limits increased from near 0 to 0.9 ± 0.29 °C. Upper feeding, incipient and ultimate lethal values were significantly lower for juveniles than those for adults at acclimation temperatures < 20, < 20 and < 15 "C, respectively. 4. The thermal tolerance of bullheads was slightly lower than that of stone loach, similar to that of juvenile Atlantic salmon and higher than that of brown trout; the thermal limits for feeding were much wider than those for salmon or trout.

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The critical thermal limits for the stone loach, Noemacheilus barbatulus, from three populations in north‐west England

Cited by 23 publications

References 12 publications

Intraspecific variation in thermal tolerance and heat shock protein gene expression in common killifish,Fundulus heteroclitus

Intraspecific variation in thermal tolerance and heat shock protein gene expression in common killifish,Fundulus heteroclitus

Direct and Correlated Responses to Artificial Selection on Acute Thermal Stress Tolerance in a Livebearing Fish

The critical thermal limits for the bullhead, Cottus gobio, from three populations in north‐west England

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