The Critical Period of Weed Control in White Bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>)

Woolley, Brian L.; Michaels, Thomas E.; Hall, Michael R.; Swanton, Clarence J.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500076037

Cited by 67 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Given that weed infestations early in the growing season may create conditions resulting in crop yield losses, early-season weed population dynamics should not be ignored. The critical period of weed control in white bean starts at the appearance of the second trifoliate and lasts from 3 to 5 wk thereafter (Woolley et al 1993). The results presented here suggest that weed management in snap bean should not be delayed until the appearance of the second trifoliate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Variation in Wild Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum) Fecundity in Sweet Corn Has Residual Effects in Snap Bean

Davis

Williams

2007

Weed sci.

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Bioeconomic models are predicated upon the relationship between weed fecundity and crop yield loss in consecutive growing seasons, yet this phenomenon has received few empirical tests. Residual effects of wild proso millet (WPM) fecundity in sweet corn upon WPM seedling recruitment, weed management efficacy, and crop yield within a subsequent snap bean crop were investigated with field experiments in Urbana, IL, in 2005 and 2006. WPM fecundity in sweet corn showed strong positive associations with WPM seedbank density, seedling recruitment, and demographic transitions within snap bean. A negative exponential relationship between WPM initial seedling density and seedling survival of a single rotary hoe pass indicated that the rotary hoe was ineffective at low weed population densities, but its efficacy increased with increasing weed population density to a maximum of 75% seedling mortality. Efficacy of postemergent chemical control of WPM was unaffected by WPM population density. Path analysis models demonstrated dependence between WPM fecundity in sweet corn, WPM seedling recruitment in snap bean, and reductions in snap bean yield in subsequent growing season, mediated by negative impacts of WPM seedling establishment on snap bean stand. These results underscore the importance of expanding integrated weed management programs to include management of annual weed populations both at the end of their life cycle, by reducing fecundity and seed survival, and at the very beginning of their life cycle, by reducing seedling recruitment and establishment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Variation in Wild Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum) Fecundity in Sweet Corn Has Residual Effects in Snap Bean

Davis

Williams

2007

Weed sci.

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“…Total yield, expressed as a percentage of the weed-free control as a function of time, was examined by non-linear leastsquares regression using PROC NLIN (SAS, 1996). Gompertz and logistic equations were fitted to the yield data for increasing duration of weed-free and weed-infested periods respectively (Van Acker et al, 1993;Woolley et al, 1993). The Gompertz model used consisted of three parameters:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ghosheh et al (1996) pointed out that long critical periods are indicative of more competitive weeds or less competitive crops (Oliver, 1988). Woolley et al (1993) found that the critical period of weed control might vary depending upon crop cultivars and weed pressure levels among other factors.…”

Section: Critical Period Of Weed Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The critical period for weed control is constituted by the overlap of two components: the minimum weed-free period and the maximum weed-infested period (Ghosheh et al, 1996). The critical period for weed control has been determined for several field (Van Acker et al, 1993;Woolley et al, 1993) and vegetable crops (Roberts, 1976;Friesen, 1979;Weaver & Tan, 1987;Baziramakenga & Leroux, 1994). Although Liu et al (1984) found that weeds should be removed within 24 d, but no later than 36 d, after transplanting to prevent yield losses in sweet peppers, Frank et al (1992) reported that the mean weed interference period needed for a 10% reduction in fruit weight in bell pepper was 38.5 d. Weed interference for 37-42 d also resulted in a 10% reduction in fruit number in bell pepper (Frank et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Critical period of weed control in transplanted chilli pepper

Amador-Ramirez¹

2002

Weed Res

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Field experiments were conducted from 1991 to 1993 to determine the critical period of weed control in chilli pepper. The maximum weed-infested period ranged between 0.7 and 3.2 weeks after transplanting (WAT) at a 5% yield loss level. To prevent losses in total and marketable yields, weeds should be removed 2.1 or 0.9 WAT respectively. The end of the critical period decreased as the predetermined yield loss level increased from 2.5% to 10%. The minimum weed-free period ranged between 6.7 and 15.3 WAT at a 5% yield loss level depending on crop yield category. The chilli pepper crop required an average of 12.2 weeks of weed-free maintenance to avoid losses above 5%. Using a 5% yield loss level, the duration of the critical period of weed control was 14 weeks in 1991 and 11.2 weeks in 1993, but was shortened to 5.1 weeks in 1992. The results suggest that weeds must be controlled during the first half of the crop's growing season in order to prevent yield losses.

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“…Emergence is a crucial event in the life cycle of annual plants (Forcella et al 2000); plants transition to autotrophic growth during emergence, and differences in emergence timing can alter their competitiveness. Seedlings emerging earlier may sooner depend on exogenous N availability and be more competitive than those emerging later (Hall et al 1992;Knezevic et al 1994Knezevic et al , 1997Mickelson and Harvey 1999;Weaver et al 1992;Woolley et al 1993). Thus, N response should be greater with earlier, rather than later, emergence.…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of relative time of emergence on nitrogen responses of corn and velvetleaf

Harbur¹,

Owen

2006

Weed sci.

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Nitrogen (N) management markedly affects weed competition with crops. The effect of N availability on plant competition varies with a plant's abilities to capture and use N. Accordingly, we expected the N effect on plant competition to change with the relative emergence time of competing individuals. This hypothesis was tested by growing corn and velvetleaf plants in target and neighbor roles and comparing their N responses. Sowing times were varied, so that target plant emergent dates were constant, whereas neighbor plants were sown to emerge 7 d before, with, or 7 d after targets. Seedlings were fertilized daily with 2.5 mmol (“low N”) or 10.0 mmol (“high N”) ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3). Corn had greater total weight, leaf area, and root-to-shoot ratio (RSR) than velvetleaf. Different dry weights may have reflected seed weights; corn seed weight was greater than velvetleaf. Regardless of role, corn and velvetleaf dry weight and leaf area were greater with high N than low N; in contrast, RSR was lower with high N than low N. The RSR response to N availability suggested plant resources were shifted from N foraging, toward competition for photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). In target plants of each species, dry weight and leaf area increased linearly with time between target and neighbor emergence. Conversely, dry weight and leaf area of neighbor plants decreased with time between target and neighbor emergence. The N response of neighbor plants increased with time of emergence between target and neighbor emergence. Larger plants likely required more N to sustain growth than smaller plants; plants that emerged earlier likely had greater daily N requirements than those that emerged later. These results support factoring in emergence when predicting N effects on plant competition. Optimal N provisioning for integrated weed management may differ with emergence times of competing plants.

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The Critical Period of Weed Control in White Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Cited by 67 publications

References 21 publications

Variation in Wild Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum) Fecundity in Sweet Corn Has Residual Effects in Snap Bean

Variation in Wild Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum) Fecundity in Sweet Corn Has Residual Effects in Snap Bean

Critical period of weed control in transplanted chilli pepper

Influence of relative time of emergence on nitrogen responses of corn and velvetleaf

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