The Critical Micelle Concentration of Ether Alcohol Sulfates (ROC2H4)i-OSO3Na

Weil, J. K.; Bistline, R. G.; Stirton, A. J.

doi:10.1021/j150567a014

Cited by 43 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…However, the true cmc of the stearate/ribozyme conjugates might be very different because it can be decreased by interactions of the ethylene glycol chains (Weil et al 1958) that links stearate anchors with ribozymes or by interactions between the bound RNAs, and it can be increased because the large size of the ribozymes sterically prevents their micelles from reaching the optimum aggregation number of around 100 (Tanford 1972). These results and the weaker effects of stearate anchors on polymerization anchors support the interpretation that the stearate conjugates form less stable micelles than the cholesterol conjugates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved polymerase ribozyme efficiency on hydrophobic assemblies

Müller

Bartel²

2008

RNA

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During an early step in the evolution of life, RNA served both as genome and as catalyst, according to the RNA world hypothesis. For self-replication, the RNA organisms must have contained an RNA that catalyzes RNA polymerization. As a first step toward recapitulating an RNA world in the laboratory, a polymerase ribozyme was generated previously by in vitro evolution and design. However, the efficiency of this ribozyme is about 100-fold too low for self-replication because of a low affinity of the ribozyme to its primer/template substrate. To improve the substrate interactions by colocalizing ribozyme and substrate on micelles, we attached hydrophobic anchors to both RNAs. We show here that the hydrophobic anchors led to aggregates with the expected size of the corresponding micelles. The micelle formation increased the polymerization yield of full-length products by 3-to 20-fold, depending on substrates and reaction conditions. With the best-characterized substrate, the improvement in polymerization efficiency was primarily due to reduced sequence-specific stalling on partially extended substrates. We discuss how, during the origin of life, micellar ribozyme aggregates could have acted as precursors to membraneencapsulated life forms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved polymerase ribozyme efficiency on hydrophobic assemblies

Müller

Bartel²

2008

RNA

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“…While Weil et al (2) found that increasing the ethoxy group number to three decreased the c.m.c., four ethoxy groups reversed this effect; no such reversal was found by Tokiwa (3). We found that up to two ethoxy groups decreased the c.m.c, of cationic surfactants while a third ethoxy group reversed the effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Micellar molecular weights and hydration of ethoxylated anionic and cationic surfactants

Barry

Wilson

1978

Colloid Polymer Sci

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“…6), as observed for oligoetheralkanesulfonates [17]. In fact, the poor hydrophilicity of oligoethyleneoxide endcapped by acrylate has been described before [19].…”

Section: --mentioning

confidence: 69%

“…The Krafft-temperature is depressed as well by incorporation of oligoethyleneoxide groups as exemplified by spacer surfactant 1, which is well water soluble at 20°C, in contrast to its analog 02.. Such a depression of the Krafft-temperature is analogous to the well documented one of anionic surfactants when oligoethyleneoxide groups are incorporated [17]. Highly concentrated aqueous solutions of 02.- §, the zwitterionic surfactants are birefringent, indi cating the formation of ani sotropic lyotropic mesophases.…”

Section: General Properties Of the Monomersmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…400 etheralkane-sulfonates [17], i.e., it is of great importance whether the oligoethyleneoxide group is incorporated between the hydrophobic chain and the hydrophilic head or whether both the hydrophobic tail and the oligoethyleneoxide group are attached to the hydrophilic head. For~and 1, the observations clearly indicate that the methacrylate end-capped triethyleneglycol group should be considered slightly hydrophobic and not hydrophilic.…”

Section: Temperature (K)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oligoethyleneoxide spacer groups in polymerizable surfactants

Laschewsky

1991

Colloid Polym Sci

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Ca tionic an d zwitterionic polymcrizable surfacta nrs bea ring rri-and terr aerh ylcneglyco l spac er gro ups betwee n the po lymerizable moiet y and th e sur facta nt stru cture were prepa red and po lymerized. M on om ers an d po lymers were investiga ted w ith respect to th eir aggregation behavior in aq ueous systems and comp ared to ana logo us mo no mers and po lyme rs lacking spacer groups. In the case of th e monomer ic surfacranrs, th e spa cer gro ups dep ress both t he Kraffttemperat ure and the critica l mice lle co ncent ra tio n. T he area occup ied per molecule a t the ai r-wa ter interface is subs ta ntia lly enlarged by the spacers, whereas the dep ression of surface tension is nea rly cons ta nt . Alth ou gh the mo nomers w ith and with ou t spacers ar e true surfactants, all th e pol ymers are water-inso luble, bur form monom olecular layers at the air-water interface. In analogy to the mon o mer behav io r, th e incorporatio n of the spacer grou ps increases the a rea occupied per repe at unit at the air -wat er inter face su bsta ntia lly, bur hardl y affects th e surface activity.Key W01"ds:~o l y m eriza ble surfactant; po lyso ap; sulfobetain;~pacer;~icel le; mon ol ayer

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The Critical Micelle Concentration of Ether Alcohol Sulfates (ROC₂H₄)_i-OSO₃Na

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

Improved polymerase ribozyme efficiency on hydrophobic assemblies

Improved polymerase ribozyme efficiency on hydrophobic assemblies

Micellar molecular weights and hydration of ethoxylated anionic and cationic surfactants

Oligoethyleneoxide spacer groups in polymerizable surfactants

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