The Critical Coagulation Concentration of Counterions: Spherical Particles in Asymmetric Electrolyte Solutions

Hsu, Jyh‐Ping; Kuo, Yung‐Chih

doi:10.1006/jcis.1996.4591

Cited by 39 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The Schulze‐Hardy rule is a well‐known relation on colloidal dispersions between the critical coagulation concentration (CCC) and ionic valency of added electrolytes. The CCC of counterions is found to be inversely proportional to the sixth power of its valence . The rule suggests that the coagulation ability of electrolytes containing high valence counterions (HVCI, such as divalent or trivalent ions) is much higher than that of monovalent electrolytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Direct Coagulation Casting of Alumina Suspension via Controlled Release of High Valence Counterions from Thermo‐sensitive Liposomes

Yang

Wen

et al. 2012

J. Am. Ceram. Soc.

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Thermo‐sensitive liposomes were prepared using reverse phase evaporation method using natural lipid egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC) and cholesterol (CH). Inorganic salts containing high valence counterions (HVCI) are encapsulated by the liposomes. The phase transition temperature of the liposome is at 38°C with 50 wt% addition of cholesterol. The encapsulation rate of liposomes reaches 85% for high valence anion (SO42−) and 55% for high valence cation (Ca2+). The liposomes are introduced into ceramic colloidal forming and dispersed in the suspension for identical charge with alumina particles at room temperature. The release of HCVI from the liposomes can coagulate the alumina suspension after heating at 38°C for 3 h, but the de‐moldable time is ~ 6–7 h. Dense ceramic products with relative density of above 98% and uniform microstructure can be prepared by this method without burnout process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Direct Coagulation Casting of Alumina Suspension via Controlled Release of High Valence Counterions from Thermo‐sensitive Liposomes

Yang

Wen

et al. 2012

J. Am. Ceram. Soc.

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“…CCC=constant/ z 6 , where z is the charge on the counter ion. For z=1,2 and 3 the ratio of the CCCs are 1/1 6 (1), 1/2 6 (0.016) and 1/3 6 (0.0014), respectively [18][19][20][21][22]. Based on this concept, we proposed a novel ceramic forming method called direct coagulation casting via controlled release of high valence counter ions (DCC-HVCI) with a combination of the DLVO theory and the Schulze-Hardy rule.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct coagulation casting of yttria-stabilized zirconia using magnesium citrate and glycerol diacetate

Gan

Yang

et al. 2015

Ceramics International

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“…For counter ions of valences 3, 2, and 1, this rule suggests that the CCC ratio is 3 −6 :2 −6 :1 −6 , or roughly, 1:11:729. The Schulze–Hardy rule can be interpreted by DLVO theory, which considers the electrostatic repulsion force and the van der Waals attraction force between two interacting particles . A high solid‐loading suspension with a low viscosity can hardly be obtained in the presence of HVCI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Coagulation Casting of Alumina Suspension by High Valence Counter Ions Using Ca(IO₃)₂ as Coagulating Agent

Wen

et al. 2012

J. Am. Ceram. Soc.

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A new direct coagulation casting of aqueous alumina suspension was developed via controlled release of high valence counter ions from calcium iodate with increase in the temperature from 55°C to 70°C. The influence of calcium iodate on the rheology of alumina suspension was investigated. A small amount of calcium iodate increased the viscosity of the concentrated alumina suspension at high temperature and finally transformed it into a wet‐coagulated body. The mechanism of coagulation is proposed such as that the solubility of calcium iodate increases with increase in temperature. The high valence Ca2+ ions diffuse into the double electrical layer of alumina particles surface through electrostatic attraction, reduces the zeta potential, hence decreases repulsive force between particles. Also reaction between Ca2+ and citrate leads to insufficient dispersant coverage on the particle surface. Both factors contribute to the coagulation of the suspension. The coagulation time was from 1 to 4 h by maintaining the temperature in the range of 55°C–70°C. The wet‐coagulated bodies prepared from 50 vol% alumina suspension showed a high compressive strength of 2.6–3.2 MPa with uniform microstructure. The relative density of sintered sample is 99.4% at 1550 °C for 2 h with perfect microstructure.

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The Critical Coagulation Concentration of Counterions: Spherical Particles in Asymmetric Electrolyte Solutions

Cited by 39 publications

References 4 publications

Direct Coagulation Casting of Alumina Suspension via Controlled Release of High Valence Counterions from Thermo‐sensitive Liposomes

Direct Coagulation Casting of Alumina Suspension via Controlled Release of High Valence Counterions from Thermo‐sensitive Liposomes

Direct coagulation casting of yttria-stabilized zirconia using magnesium citrate and glycerol diacetate

Direct Coagulation Casting of Alumina Suspension by High Valence Counter Ions Using Ca(IO₃)₂ as Coagulating Agent

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The Critical Coagulation Concentration of Counterions: Spherical Particles in Asymmetric Electrolyte Solutions

Cited by 39 publications

References 4 publications

Direct Coagulation Casting of Alumina Suspension via Controlled Release of High Valence Counterions from Thermo‐sensitive Liposomes

Direct Coagulation Casting of Alumina Suspension via Controlled Release of High Valence Counterions from Thermo‐sensitive Liposomes

Direct coagulation casting of yttria-stabilized zirconia using magnesium citrate and glycerol diacetate

Direct Coagulation Casting of Alumina Suspension by High Valence Counter Ions Using Ca(IO3)2 as Coagulating Agent

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Direct Coagulation Casting of Alumina Suspension by High Valence Counter Ions Using Ca(IO₃)₂ as Coagulating Agent