Abstract:Tlie Granada T.V. filtn "The Drug Takers" was made to present fads about drug abuse in an unsemational, rational way. The effects of the film on a sample of school children was assessed using a questionnaire and the main finding was that the fitm had no significant effect on any of the attitudes assessed. Possible reasons for this are examined, which imply a different approach to future educational projects in this field.
“…Most studies included in the review were conducted in the United States. Countries other than the United States were Canada [206-208], Australia [207-212], Brazil [213], the Netherlands [214], New Zealand [29], Norway [209,215,216], the United Kingdom [28,209,217], Germany [207], and Switzerland [218]. Moreover, 1 systematic review included 7 studies from the United States, and 1 from Norway [216].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, 1 study in the United Kingdom having subjects from 7 schools included 1 school with predominantly black students and the rest with mostly white students [217]. Another UK school-based study reported their participants were chosen to have a balance between both sexes, residence in rural and urban areas, and varying intellectual abilities [28]. A total of 4 studies specifically evaluated interventions on adolescent girls [220,223,234,235].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Of the 42 studies included in this review, Table 1 shows the different CHIT platforms used by the studies included. Moreover, 4 studies (Schuman et al, 1971; Milne et al, 1975; Pickens, 1984; and Eiser et al, 1988) looked at the effects of films as a part of educational programs to promote discussion around the areas of substance use [28,29,217,225]. The Schuman et al’s (1971) study was a cross-sectional study conducted to evaluate the results of a field test implemented to emphasize on aspects such as motivations governing drug behaviors as opposed to drug facts [225].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The Schuman et al’s (1971) study was a cross-sectional study conducted to evaluate the results of a field test implemented to emphasize on aspects such as motivations governing drug behaviors as opposed to drug facts [225]. The Milne et al’s (1975) study used a pre-post study design [28], whereas the Eiser et al’s (1988) study used an RCT design to assess the effectiveness of films as a medium of drug education [217]. The Pickens’ (1984) study was a literature review aimed at assessing the effectiveness of films in drug education compared with other forms of media [29].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Of the 42 studies reviewed here, 17 studies were in the form of systematic reviews spanning over the past 60 years. Of the remaining 27 studies, 8 studies had a short-term follow-up period of 1 month or less (Schuman et al; Milne et al, 1975; Feingold et al, 1977; Eiser et al, 1988; Moncher et al, 1989; Andrews et al, 2011; Deitz et al, 2011; and Klisch et al, 2013) [26,28,217,219,224,225,236,241]. Most of these studies used a cross-sectional pre-post assessment format.…”
Background
Addiction is one of the most rapidly growing epidemics that currently plagues nations around the world. In the United States, it has cost the government more than US $700 billion a year in terms of health care and other associated costs and is also associated with serious social, physical, and mental consequences. Increasing efforts have been made to tackle this issue at different levels, from primary prevention to rehabilitation across the globe. With the use of digital technology rapidly increasing, an effort to leverage the consumer health information technologies (CHITs) to combat the rising substance abuse epidemic has been underway. CHITs are identified as patient-focused technological platforms aimed to improve patient engagement in health care and aid them in navigating the complex health care system.
Objective
This review aimed to provide a holistic and overarching view of the breadth of research on primary prevention of substance abuse using CHIT conducted over nearly past five decades. It also aimed to map out the changing landscape of CHIT over this period.
Methods
We conducted a scoping review using the Arksey and O’Malley’s modified methodological framework. We searched 4 electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and EMBASE). Papers were included if the studies addressed the use of CHIT for primary prevention of substance abuse and were published in English between 1809 and 2018. Studies that did not focus solely on primary prevention or assessed additional comorbid conditions were eliminated.
Results
Forty-two papers that met our inclusion criteria were included in the review. These studies were published between 1970 and 2018 and were not restricted by geography, age, race, or sex. The review mapped studies using the most commonly used CHIT platforms for substance abuse prevention from mass media in the 1970s to mobile and social media in 2018. Moreover, 191 studies that were exclusively focused on alcohol prevention were excluded and will be addressed in a separate paper. The studies included had diverse research designs although the majority were randomized controlled trials (RCT) or review papers. Many of the RCTs used interventions based on different behavioral theories such as family interactions, social cognitive theories, and harm-minimization framework.
Conclusions
This review found CHIT platforms to be efficacious and cost-effective in the real-world settings. We also observed a gradual shift in the types and use of CHIT platforms over the past few decades and mapped out their progression. In addition, the review detected a shift in consumer preferences and behaviors from face-to-face interactions to technology-based platforms. However, the studies included in this review only focused on the aspect of primary prevention. Future reviews could assess the effectiveness of platforms for secondary prevention and for prevention of substance abuse ...
“…Most studies included in the review were conducted in the United States. Countries other than the United States were Canada [206-208], Australia [207-212], Brazil [213], the Netherlands [214], New Zealand [29], Norway [209,215,216], the United Kingdom [28,209,217], Germany [207], and Switzerland [218]. Moreover, 1 systematic review included 7 studies from the United States, and 1 from Norway [216].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, 1 study in the United Kingdom having subjects from 7 schools included 1 school with predominantly black students and the rest with mostly white students [217]. Another UK school-based study reported their participants were chosen to have a balance between both sexes, residence in rural and urban areas, and varying intellectual abilities [28]. A total of 4 studies specifically evaluated interventions on adolescent girls [220,223,234,235].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Of the 42 studies included in this review, Table 1 shows the different CHIT platforms used by the studies included. Moreover, 4 studies (Schuman et al, 1971; Milne et al, 1975; Pickens, 1984; and Eiser et al, 1988) looked at the effects of films as a part of educational programs to promote discussion around the areas of substance use [28,29,217,225]. The Schuman et al’s (1971) study was a cross-sectional study conducted to evaluate the results of a field test implemented to emphasize on aspects such as motivations governing drug behaviors as opposed to drug facts [225].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The Schuman et al’s (1971) study was a cross-sectional study conducted to evaluate the results of a field test implemented to emphasize on aspects such as motivations governing drug behaviors as opposed to drug facts [225]. The Milne et al’s (1975) study used a pre-post study design [28], whereas the Eiser et al’s (1988) study used an RCT design to assess the effectiveness of films as a medium of drug education [217]. The Pickens’ (1984) study was a literature review aimed at assessing the effectiveness of films in drug education compared with other forms of media [29].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Of the 42 studies reviewed here, 17 studies were in the form of systematic reviews spanning over the past 60 years. Of the remaining 27 studies, 8 studies had a short-term follow-up period of 1 month or less (Schuman et al; Milne et al, 1975; Feingold et al, 1977; Eiser et al, 1988; Moncher et al, 1989; Andrews et al, 2011; Deitz et al, 2011; and Klisch et al, 2013) [26,28,217,219,224,225,236,241]. Most of these studies used a cross-sectional pre-post assessment format.…”
Background
Addiction is one of the most rapidly growing epidemics that currently plagues nations around the world. In the United States, it has cost the government more than US $700 billion a year in terms of health care and other associated costs and is also associated with serious social, physical, and mental consequences. Increasing efforts have been made to tackle this issue at different levels, from primary prevention to rehabilitation across the globe. With the use of digital technology rapidly increasing, an effort to leverage the consumer health information technologies (CHITs) to combat the rising substance abuse epidemic has been underway. CHITs are identified as patient-focused technological platforms aimed to improve patient engagement in health care and aid them in navigating the complex health care system.
Objective
This review aimed to provide a holistic and overarching view of the breadth of research on primary prevention of substance abuse using CHIT conducted over nearly past five decades. It also aimed to map out the changing landscape of CHIT over this period.
Methods
We conducted a scoping review using the Arksey and O’Malley’s modified methodological framework. We searched 4 electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and EMBASE). Papers were included if the studies addressed the use of CHIT for primary prevention of substance abuse and were published in English between 1809 and 2018. Studies that did not focus solely on primary prevention or assessed additional comorbid conditions were eliminated.
Results
Forty-two papers that met our inclusion criteria were included in the review. These studies were published between 1970 and 2018 and were not restricted by geography, age, race, or sex. The review mapped studies using the most commonly used CHIT platforms for substance abuse prevention from mass media in the 1970s to mobile and social media in 2018. Moreover, 191 studies that were exclusively focused on alcohol prevention were excluded and will be addressed in a separate paper. The studies included had diverse research designs although the majority were randomized controlled trials (RCT) or review papers. Many of the RCTs used interventions based on different behavioral theories such as family interactions, social cognitive theories, and harm-minimization framework.
Conclusions
This review found CHIT platforms to be efficacious and cost-effective in the real-world settings. We also observed a gradual shift in the types and use of CHIT platforms over the past few decades and mapped out their progression. In addition, the review detected a shift in consumer preferences and behaviors from face-to-face interactions to technology-based platforms. However, the studies included in this review only focused on the aspect of primary prevention. Future reviews could assess the effectiveness of platforms for secondary prevention and for prevention of substance abuse ...
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