The CRISTA‐2 mission

Grossmann, K. U.; Offermann, D.; Gusev, Oleg; Oberheide, J.; Riese, Martin; Spang, Reinhold

doi:10.1029/2001jd000667

Cited by 90 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The wavelength regions applied in the classification scheme are superimposed in grey. tra based on Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) observations (Offermann et al, 1999;Grossmann et al, 2002). Höpfner et al (2006a) further developed the method and compared the results with the CALIPSO PSC classification scheme ).…”

Section: Two-colour Ratio Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-wavelength classification method for polar stratospheric cloud types using infrared limb spectra

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) instrument on board the ESA Envisat satellite operated from July 2002 until April 2012. The infrared limb emission measurements represent a unique dataset of daytime and night-time observations of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) up to both poles. Cloud detection sensitivity is comparable to space-borne lidars, and it is possible to classify different cloud types from the spectral measurements in different atmospheric windows regions.Here we present a new infrared PSC classification scheme based on the combination of a well-established two-colour ratio method and multiple 2-D brightness temperature difference probability density functions. The method is a simple probabilistic classifier based on Bayes' theorem with a strong independence assumption. The method has been tested in conjunction with a database of radiative transfer model calculations of realistic PSC particle size distributions, geometries, and composition. The Bayesian classifier distinguishes between solid particles of ice and nitric acid trihydrate (NAT), as well as liquid droplets of super-cooled ternary solution (STS).The classification results are compared to coincident measurements from the space-borne lidar Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument over the temporal overlap of both satellite missions (June 2006-March 2012. Both datasets show a good agreement for the specific PSC classes, although the viewing geometries and the vertical and horizontal resolution are quite different. Discrepancies are observed between the CALIOP and the MI-PAS ice class. The Bayesian classifier for MIPAS identifies substantially more ice clouds in the Southern Hemisphere polar vortex than CALIOP. This disagreement is attributed in part to the difference in the sensitivity on mixed-type clouds. Ice seems to dominate the spectral behaviour in the limb infrared spectra and may cause an overestimation in ice occurrence compared to the real fraction of ice within the PSC area in the polar vortex.The entire MIPAS measurement period was processed with the new classification approach. Examples like the detection of the Antarctic NAT belt during early winter, and its possible link to mountain wave events over the Antarctic Peninsula, which are observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument, highlight the importance of a climatology of 9 Southern Hemisphere and 10 Northern Hemisphere winters in total. The new dataset is valuable both for detailed process studies, and for comparisons with and improvements of the PSC parameterizations used in chemistry transport and climate models.

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Section: Two-colour Ratio Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-wavelength classification method for polar stratospheric cloud types using infrared limb spectra

et al. 2016

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“…The CRISTA instrument measured roughly 1 week in the UTLS during two space shuttle missions in November 1994 and August 1997 (Offermann et al, 1999, Grossmann et al, 2002. The measurements demonstrate the potential of the IR limb viewing technique to provide information on several trace gas constituents (Riese et al, 1999a and clouds with high spatial resolution.…”

Section: Crista Satellite Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The accuracy of the attitude system of the platform, which was also used for two astronomic missions, is excellent. The final pointing accuracy in the limb direction for the three viewing directions is of the order of 300 m (Riese et al, 1999a;Grossmann et al, 2002). The effect of refraction through the atmosphere in the limb direction is considered in the tangent height determination and can reduce the actual tangent height by up to ∼ 300 m at 12 km altitude.…”

Section: Crista Satellite Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper we present new analyses of measurements from the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) instrument during its second Space Shuttle mission in August 1997 (CRISTA-2) (Grossmann et al, 2002). Due to its unique combination of moderate spectral resolution, high horizontal along-track and crosstrack sampling, and good vertical resolution and sampling, the CRISTA measurements are a unique data set for IR limb sounders in spite of information available from more modern satellite missions today.…”

Section: R Spang Et Al: Satellite Observations Of Cirrus Clouds In mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Satellite observations of cirrus clouds in the Northern Hemisphere lowermost stratosphere

Spang¹,

Günther²,

Riese³

et al. 2015

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract.Here we present observations of the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) of cirrus cloud and water vapour in August 1997 in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). The observations indicate a considerable flux of moisture from the upper tropical troposphere into the extratropical lowermost stratosphere (LMS), resulting in the occurrence of highaltitude optically thin cirrus clouds in the LMS.The locations of the LMS cloud events observed by CRISTA are consistent with the tropopause height determined from coinciding radiosonde data. For a hemispheric analysis in tropopause relative coordinates an improved tropopause determination has been applied to the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) temperature profiles. We found that a significant fraction of the cloud occurrences in the tropopause region are located in the LMS, even if a conservative overestimate of the cloud top height (CTH) determination by CRISTA of 500 m is assumed. The results show rather high occurrence frequencies ( ∼ 5 %) up to high northern latitudes (70 • N) and altitudes well above the tropopause (> 500 m at ∼ 350 K and above) in large areas at mid-and high latitudes.Comparisons with model runs of the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) over the CRISTA period show a reasonable consistency in the retrieved cloud pattern. For this purpose a limb ray tracing approach was applied through the 3-D model fields to obtain integrated measurement information through the atmosphere along the limb path of the instrument. The simplified cirrus scheme implemented in CLaMS seems to cause a systematic underestimation in the CTH occurrence frequencies in the LMS with respect to the observations. The observations together with the model results demonstrate the importance of isentropic, quasi-horizontal transport of water vapour from the subtropics and the potential for the occurrence of cirrus clouds in the lowermost stratosphere and tropopause region.

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“…During the second satellite CRISTA-MAHRSI campaign on 8-16 August 1997, vertical distributions of temperature, air concentration and two chemical MPCS constituents (OH and O 3 ) were measured simultaneously (Grossmann et al, 2002;Conway, et al, 2000). Available data on hydroxyl concentration were measured for daytime hours at latitudes and altitudes of 15 ing the MPCS BDM algebraic equations, simultaneous vertical distributions of O, O( 1 D), H, and HO 2 concentrations in the mesosphere (50-87 km) in a wide range of latitudes, longitudes and local times, and for further retrieval of vertical distributions of H 2 O.…”

Section: Retrieval Of H 2 O(z) From Crista-mahrsi Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieval of water vapor profile in the mesosphere from satellite ozone and hydroxyl measurements by the basic dynamic model of mesospheric photochemical system

2009

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Abstract. We propose an indirect method for retrieving a number of significant minor gas constituents of the atmosphere. The technique is based on the use of so-called basic dynamic models of atmospheric photochemical systems simplified mathematically correctly in a special manner. It is applied to a mesospheric system describing day evolution of key minor gas constituents at these heights. We take as initial data experimental data of the CRISTA-MAHRSI satellite campaign of August 1997 during which ozone and hydroxyl (O 3 and OH) concentrations were measured simultaneously. It is demonstrated that the use of the basic dynamic model allows retrieval of vertical distribution (within the 53-85 km range of heights) of water vapor concentration that is one of the control parameters of the mesospheric photochemistry.

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The CRISTA‐2 mission

Cited by 90 publications

References 71 publications

A multi-wavelength classification method for polar stratospheric cloud types using infrared limb spectra

A multi-wavelength classification method for polar stratospheric cloud types using infrared limb spectra

Satellite observations of cirrus clouds in the Northern Hemisphere lowermost stratosphere

Retrieval of water vapor profile in the mesosphere from satellite ozone and hydroxyl measurements by the basic dynamic model of mesospheric photochemical system

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