The crisis of criminal punishment: the state and conditioning

Abstract

Subject of research: the institution of criminal punishment, the state of which is often assessed as a crisis. The debatable nature of the issue of the crisis of criminal punishment generates diametrically opposite judgments about the presence of a crisis, or about its absence.
 Purpose of research: to determine the presence or absence of a state of crisis of criminal punishment, as well as the conditionality of the existence of discussions about the crisis of criminal punishment.
 Methods and objects of research: the dialectical method of cognition of socio-legal phenomena is used as the methodological basis of the study. General scientific methods of cognition (analysis, synthesis), private scientific (formal-logical, epistemological) were used.
 Main results of research: In conclusion, the author comes to the conclusion that close attention should be paid not to the search for alternatives to criminal punishment, but to the problems of its use (appointment and execution of punishment). The establishment of the rules of sentencing corresponding to modern realities will ensure an increase in its effectiveness, uniformity of law enforcement practice and will contribute to overcoming the so-called "punishment crisis".

Analysis of railway transport snow-blowing equipment operating modes by diesel generator operation parameters

“…Features of current sensors of this type (Table 2) are linearity and fairly high conversion accuracy, low temperature drift of no more than 0.5 mA in the temperature range from -40 to 85 °C. The need to provide sensors with bipolar power supply (-15…+15) V created difficulties in the design of the electronic unit and led to an increase in its cost [6]. The sensors have a closed, one-piece design, therefore, when installing them on the flexible phase busbars of the generator, their mounting was dismantled without exposing the insulation, Fig.…”