The Criminal Career

Kyvsgaard, Britta

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511499463

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…The Danish National Crime Register (NCR) became electronic in November 1978 and all court verdicts and police decisions relating to criminal charges have been registered since this date. The NCR contains information on date of verdict (or police decision), type of offence and type of verdict along with length and type of sentence (Kyvsgaard, 1998), and data are made available through Statistics Denmark from 1980 onwards. The age of criminal responsibility in Denmark was 15 years during the study period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Offending prior to first psychiatric contact: a population-based register study

et al. 2012

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Offending prior to first psychiatric contact: a population-based register study

et al. 2012

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“…We obtained personal information on individuals identified with ADHD and their siblings concerning health-care, educational attainment, labor market performance, crime, traffic accidents, health care, foster care from a record linkage of the following Danish population based registers [18]: The Danish National Patient Register [19] including the Danish Psychiatric Central Register [23] , The Student Register [25] , The Danish Central Crime Register [26] , The Traffic Accident Register, The Income Statistics Register [27], The Integrated Database for Labor Market Research (IDA) [28], The National Sickness Benefit Register [27] , and the National Prescription Registry [29].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The economic burden of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A sibling comparison cost analysis

Daley

Jacobsen

Lange

et al. 2019

European Psychiatry

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a lifespan disorder associated with considerable economic cost. While the economic burden of ADHD has been widely estimated, there is considerable variation in reported costs between studies, which typically focus on health outcomes only, lack adequate control and fail to correct for the influence of genetic and shared environmental factors. The aim of this study is to overcome these limitations to reach a fuller understanding of the economic burden of ADHD. Method: Using the Danish National Registers 5269 adults with a diagnosis of ADHD in adulthood who had not received a diagnosis in childhood were identified. Excluding cases with missing data, comorbid diagnoses, and cases without a same sex sibling free of any diagnosed psychiatric diagnoses, a final cohort was formed consisting of 460 sibling dyads. Using a cross-sectional method focusing on the year 2010, cost differences between each adult with ADHD and their sibling were calculated from data retrieved from health, education, crime, employment and social care registers. Results: Adults with ADHD had considerably lower disposable income and paid less tax than their siblings. They also received more state benefits, had higher costs for health, social care, and crime than their siblings. The total average costs difference for the year 2010 was 20,134 euros more than their sibling for each adult with ADHD. Conclusion: ADHD is associated with considerable costs which are borne by both the individual and the state and underlines the need to consider the wider economic impact of ADHD beyond income and healthcare utilisation costs.

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“…We defined paternal criminality dichotomously based on whether the father of the cohort member had ever received a custodial or suspended sentence for an offence under the principal Danish criminal acts (e.g., violence, robbery, arson, murder, sexual crime, theft, fraud, and extortion), the special legislation regarding drugs and weapons, or sections of the traffic act dealing with impaired driving. The data for this variable was extracted from the Danish National Crime Register [ 28 ] using information on all convictions since 1980 and defined based on paternal criminality prior to the cohort members’ 1 st birthday.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting ADHD by Assessment of Rutter’s Indicators of Adversity in Infancy

et al. 2016

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BackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder with early onset. ADHD is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, partly due to delayed diagnosis. Identification of children at high risk for developing ADHD could lead to earlier diagnosis and potentially change the negative trajectory of the illness for the better. Since early psychosocial adversity is considered to be a likely etiological risk factor for ADHD, markers of this construct may be useful for early identification of children at high risk. Therefore, we sought to investigate whether Rutter’s indicators of adversity (low social class, severe marital discord, large family size, paternal criminality, maternal mental disorder, and placement in out-of-home care) assessed in infancy could serve as early predictors for the development of ADHD.Methods and FindingsUsing data from the Danish nationwide population-based registers, we established a cohort consisting of all 994,407 children born in Denmark between January 1st 1993 and December 31st 2011 and extracted dichotomous values for the six Rutter’s indicators of adversity at age 0–12 months (infancy) for each cohort member. The cohort members were followed from their second birthday and the association between the sum of Rutter’s indicators of adversity (RIA-score) in infancy and subsequent development of ADHD was estimated by means of Cox regression. Also, the number needed to screen (NNS) to detect one case of ADHD based on the RIA-scores in infancy was calculated. During follow-up (9.6 million person-years), 15,857 males and 5,663 females from the cohort developed ADHD. For both males and females, there was a marked dose-response relationship between RIA-scores assessed in infancy and the risk for developing ADHD. The hazard ratios for ADHD were 11.0 (95%CI: 8.2–14.7) and 11.4 (95%CI: 7.1–18.3) respectively, for males and females with RIA-scores of 5–6, compared to males and females with RIA-scores of 0. Among males with RIA-scores of 5–6, 37.6% (95%CI: 27.0–50.7) had been diagnosed with ADHD prior to the age of 20, corresponding to a NNS of 3.0 (95%CI: 2.2–4.0).ConclusionsRutter’s indicators of adversity assessed in infancy strongly predicted ADHD. This knowledge may be important for early identification of ADHD.

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The Criminal Career

Cited by 23 publications

References 139 publications

Offending prior to first psychiatric contact: a population-based register study

Offending prior to first psychiatric contact: a population-based register study

The economic burden of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A sibling comparison cost analysis

Predicting ADHD by Assessment of Rutter’s Indicators of Adversity in Infancy

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