The crime triangle: Alcohol, drug use, and vandalism

Baker, Thomas E.; Wolfer, Loreen

doi:10.1080/1561426032000059187

Cited by 25 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In the Baker and Wolfer (2003) study, the residents living near the park were significantly more likely than comparison group residents to report being the victims of vandalism or seeing public drinking. However, after the intervention, the victimization rates for the target area had declined to the point where there was not a statistically significant difference between the two groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“… POP in a suburban Pennsylvania park (Baker & Wolfer, 2003) POP in Jersey City violent crime places (Braga, Weisburd, Waring, Green Mazerolle, Spelman, & Gajewski, 1999) Knoxville Public Safety Collaborative (Knoxville Police Department, 2002) Oakland Beat Health program (Mazerolle, Price, & Roehl, 2000b) Minneapolis Repeat Call Address Policing (RECAP) (Sherman, Buerger, & Gartin, 1989) Philadelphia Safe Travel To and From School Program (Stokes, Donahue, Caron, & Greene, 1996) Atlanta Problem‐Oriented Policing Approach to Drug Enforcement Project (Stone, 1993) San Diego Coordinated Agency Network project (C.A.N.) (Thomas, 1998) United Kingdom National Reassurance Policing Programme (Tuffin, Morris, & Poole, 2006) Jersey City Drug Market Analysis Project (Weisburd & Green, 1995) …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Problem‐Oriented Policing on Crime and Disorder

Weisburd

Telep

Hnkle

et al. 2008

Campbell Systematic Reviews

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This Campbell systematic review assesses the effects of problem‐oriented policing on crime and disorder based on the existing research. The review summarises findings from 10 studies from eight American cities and six residential areas in the UK. The participants were probationers, parolees and residents of the eight American cities and six residential areas in the UK. Problem oriented policing has a statistically significant impact on reducing crime and disorder, but the effect size was small, and there was a lack of diversity and responses in the included studies. The results were similar for both the randomized and quasi‐randomized studies. The evidence base is small and there are shortcomings in the quality of the evidence. Abstract Background:Problem‐oriented Policing (POP) was first introduced by Herman Goldstein in 1979. The approach was one of a series of responses to a crisis in effectiveness and legitimacy in policing that emerged in the 1970s and 1980s. Goldstein argued that police were not being effective in preventing and controlling crime because they had become too focused on the “means” of policing and had neglected the “goals” of preventing and controlling crime and other community problems. Goldstein argued that the unit of analysis in policing must become the “problem” rather than calls or crime incidents as was the case during that period. POP has had tremendous impact on American policing, and is now one of the most widely implemented policing strategies in the US. Objectives:To synthesize the extant problem‐oriented policing evaluation literature and assess the effects of problem‐oriented policing on crime and disorder Selection criteria:Eligible studies had to meet three criteria: (1) the SARA model was used for a problem‐oriented policing intervention; (2) a comparison group was included; (3) at least one crime or disorder outcome was reported with sufficient data to generate an effect size. The unit of analysis could be people or places. Search strategy:Several strategies were used to perform an exhaustive search for literature fitting the eligibility criteria. First, a keyword search was performed on an array of online abstract databases. Second, we reviewed the bibliographies of past reviews of problem‐oriented policing. Third, we performed forward searches for works that have cited seminal problem‐oriented policing studies. Fourth, we performed hand searches of leading journals in the field. Fifth, we searched the publications of several research and professional agencies. Sixth, after finishing the above searches we e‐mailed the list of studies meeting our eligibility criteria to leading policing scholars knowledgeable in the area of problem‐oriented policing to ensure we had not missed any relevant studies. Data collection and analysis:For our ten eligible studies, we provide both a narrative review of effectiveness and a meta‐analysis. For the meta‐analysis, we coded all primary outcomes of the eligible studies and we report the mean effect size (for studies with more than one prima...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Problem‐Oriented Policing on Crime and Disorder

Weisburd

Telep

Hnkle

et al. 2008

Campbell Systematic Reviews

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“…Two uncontrolled studies also showed reductions in fear of crime: one study of a police-led intervention in a crime ‘hot spot’ in a park in Pennsylvania, PA, USA (29.8% [47]) a , and the other study in a public transport setting in New York City (21% [50]), although significance was not reported. One further uncontrolled study of an intervention focusing on road closures in Dayton, OH, USA, showed a non-significant trend toward reduced fear (6% [48]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…a The Pennsylvania, PA, USA, study [47] was conceived as a controlled design, but is treated in this review as uncontrolled because the comparison group appear to have benefited from the intervention as much as the ‘intervention’ group.…”

Section: Endnotesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental interventions to reduce fear of crime: systematic review of effectiveness

et al. 2013

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BackgroundFear of crime is associated with negative health and wellbeing outcomes, and may mediate some impacts of the built environment on public health. A range of environmental interventions have been hypothesized to reduce the fear of crime.MethodsThis review aimed to synthesize the literature on the effectiveness of interventions in the built environment to reduce the fear of crime. Systematic review methodology, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidance, was used. Studies of environmental interventions which reported a fear of crime outcome and used any prospective evaluation design (randomized controlled trial (RCT), trial or uncontrolled before-and-after study) were included. Eighteen databases were searched. The Hamilton tool was used to assess quality. A narrative synthesis of findings was undertaken.ResultsA total of 47 studies were included, 22 controlled and 25 uncontrolled, with total sample sizes ranging from n = 52 to approximately n = 23,000. Thirty-six studies were conducted in the UK, ten studies in the USA and one study in the Netherlands. The quality of the evidence overall is low. There are some indications that home security improvements and non-crime-related environmental improvements may be effective for some fear of crime outcomes. There is little evidence that the following reduce fear of crime: street lighting improvements, closed-circuit television (CCTV), multi-component environmental crime prevention programs or regeneration programs.ConclusionsThere is some evidence for the effectiveness of specific environmental interventions in reducing some indicators of fear of crime, but more attention to the context and possible confounders is needed in future evaluations of complex social interventions such as these.

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“…A recent meta-analysis of ten rigorous experimental and quasi-experimental studies found that the strategy is generally successful in reducing crime and disorder, though the effects tend to be modest overall . 9 A number of studies have examined the application of POP to hot spots (Baker and Wolfer 2003;Braga et al 1999;Braga and Bond 2008;Mazerolle et al 2000;Weisburd and Green 1995), and most of these have shown that the efforts reduced some forms of crime and disorder (also see Braga 2007 andWeisburd et al 2010). 10 Results have been more mixed with respect to violent crime-interventions studied by Mazerolle et al (2000), Green (1995), for example, did not reduce violence-but only one rigorous study of POP and hot spots has focused specifically on hot spots of violent crime.…”

Section: Problem-oriented Policing At Hot Spotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized controlled trial of different policing strategies at hot spots of violent crime

2010

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Focusing police efforts on "hot spots" has gained acceptance among researchers and practitioners. However, little rigorous evidence exists on the comparative effectiveness of different hot spots strategies. To address this gap, we randomly assigned 83 hot spots of violence in Jacksonville, Florida, to receive either a problem-oriented policing (POP) strategy, directed-saturation patrol, or a control condition for 90 days. We then examined crime in these areas during the intervention period and a 90-day postintervention period. In sum, the use of POP was associated with a 33% reduction in "street violence" during the 90 days following the intervention. While not statistically significant, we also observed that POP was associated with other non-trivial reductions in violence and property crime during the post-intervention period. In contrast, we did not detect statistically significant crime reductions for the directed-saturation patrol group, though there were non-significant declines in crime in these areas during the intervention period. Tests for displacement or a diffusion of benefits provided indications that violence was displaced to areas near the POP locations, though some patterns in the data suggest this may have been due to the effects of POP on crime reporting by citizens in nearby areas. We conclude by discussing the study's limitations and the implications of the findings for efforts to refine hot spots policing.

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The crime triangle: Alcohol, drug use, and vandalism

Cited by 25 publications

References 8 publications

The Effects of Problem‐Oriented Policing on Crime and Disorder

The Effects of Problem‐Oriented Policing on Crime and Disorder

Environmental interventions to reduce fear of crime: systematic review of effectiveness

A randomized controlled trial of different policing strategies at hot spots of violent crime

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