The creep cavitation of commercial and high-purity Cr-Mo-V steels

Tipler, H. R.; Hopkins, B. E.

doi:10.1179/030634576790432056

Cited by 80 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The following metallographic factors cause material deterioration from creep: [37][38][39][40] (a) precipitation and coarsening of carbides, [38] (b) nucleation and development of voids, [39] and (c) recovery of dislocations (rearrangement and annihilation). [37,40] From these points of view, we observed microstructure changes as creep progressed.…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Creep-Induced Microstructural Evolution and Acoustic Characterization in Tempered Martensitic Stainless Steel

Ohtani

2007

Metall Mater Trans A

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The microstructural evolution of a tempered martensitic stainless steel (a 12 pct chromium steel, type-403), during creep test, subjected to a tensile creep test at 873 K, was studied by monitoring the shear-wave attenuation and velocity using electromagnetic acoustic resonance (EMAR). The study disclosed an attenuation peak at around 20 to 30 pct of the creep life, and a minimum value at 50 pct of the creep life, and a local minimum velocity at the attenuation peak, independent of the applied stress. These novel phenomena are interpreted as a result of microstructural changes, especially dislocation recovery. This interpretation is supported by transmission electron microscopy observations of the dislocation structure. The relationship between the changes in attenuation, velocity, and microstructure evolution can be explained with the string model. The study results have suggested that EMAR possesses the potential to assess the progress of creep damage and to predict the remaining creep life of metals.

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Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Creep-Induced Microstructural Evolution and Acoustic Characterization in Tempered Martensitic Stainless Steel

Ohtani

2007

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…For an evaluation of experimental investigations, see . A low impurity level generally reduces the susceptibility to cavitation and therefore improves the creep ductility (Tipler and Hopkins, 1976). Also in austenitic steels cavities form at carbides Swindeman et al, 1981).…”

Section: Nucleation Sitesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Fracture Mechanisms

Riedel

2006

Materials Science and Technology

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“…Hopkins et al [44] and Tipler and Hopkins [45] were the first to show that creep properties can be improved by controlling the impurities in Cr±Mo±V steel. They showed that both the rupture stress and ductility of a high-purity Cr±Mo±V steel were significantly higher, and the amount of grain boundary cavitation significantly lower, than in its commercial-purity counterpart.…”

Section: Trace Element Effects In Low-alloy Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Trace Element Effects on High-Temperature Fracture of Fe- and Ni-Base Alloys

George¹,

Kennedy²,

Pope³

1998

phys. stat. sol. (a)

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Trace elements can have harmful or beneficial effects on elevated‐temperature mechanical properties. In iron and low‐alloy steels, S at high concentrations forms sulfides which are potent nucleation sites for intergranular creep cavities. As a result, ductility decreases and fracture becomes increasingly intergranular with increasing S concentration. Oxides and nitrides nucleate cavities only in the presence of segregated S; by themselves they are relatively benign. The harmful effects of S can be ameliorated by the addition of carbon and phosphorus. It is unclear whether C and P have beneficial effects of their own, or whether they act merely by counteracting the negative effects of sulfur. Carbides almost never nucleate cavities. In Ni‐base alloys, too, S is deleterious, and alloying with strong sulfide getters increases ductility and rupture life. Boron and P interact synergistically and increase stress rupture lives in some alloys but not in others. The detailed mechanism of this interaction is not well understood.

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The creep cavitation of commercial and high-purity Cr-Mo-V steels

Cited by 80 publications

References 13 publications

Creep-Induced Microstructural Evolution and Acoustic Characterization in Tempered Martensitic Stainless Steel

Creep-Induced Microstructural Evolution and Acoustic Characterization in Tempered Martensitic Stainless Steel

Fracture Mechanisms

Review of Trace Element Effects on High-Temperature Fracture of Fe- and Ni-Base Alloys

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