The Creation of the Workplace Social Courage Scale (WSCS): An Investigation of Internal Consistency, Psychometric Properties, Validity, and Utility

Howard, Matt C.; Farr, James L.; Grandey, Alicia A.; Gutworth, Melissa B.

doi:10.1007/s10869-016-9463-8

Cited by 51 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…These results match findings observed in other studies where courage undeniably influenced subsequent outcomes (Howard & Cogswell, 2019;Koerner, 2014). Further, Howard and Cogswell (2019) assert that despite the relationship between courage and outcomes, more research on the antecedents of courage (personality, work experiences, leadership, culture, and demographic factors) is required to determine how courageous traits can be developed (Howard, Farr, Grandey & Gutworth, 2017). Identifying how to develop courage could benefit enabling education, to design learning environments that foster courageous behaviours and in turn support successful academic outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Grit-ability: Which Grit Characteristics Enable Success for Mothers Entering University?

Braund

James

Johnston

et al. 2020

SUCCESS

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Personal characteristics contributing to success in higher education has become an important area of focus in recent years. Duckworth’s (2007) grit framework shows positive correlations with a range of academic outcomes. This article explores the characteristics of grit in a study of female students who identified as mothers during their enrolment in an enabling program at CQUniversity Australia. Data was gathered from 284 participants and findings suggest that despite mothers facing competing challenges that conflict with study; demonstrating grit-ability is what enables success. The courage to begin; conscientious determination to achieve; resilience to overcome obstacles; endurance to persist; and striving for excellence were identified as key contributors to positive academic outcomes and personal fulfilment. Framework Methodology underpinned this thematic analysis using the grit terms of reference to examine survey responses. These findings highlight the relevance of grit as desirable student characteristics for experiencing success in enabling education.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Grit-ability: Which Grit Characteristics Enable Success for Mothers Entering University?

Braund

James

Johnston

et al. 2020

SUCCESS

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“…Nonetheless, the researcher chose to use the measure because, at the time of this writing, this was the only measure designed to evaluate courage in this age group. A more comprehensive evaluation of the CM-C, or a related scale such as the Workplace Social Courage Scale (Howard, Farr, Grandey, & Gutworth, 2017) that has been adapted for children would be beneficial for future research seeking to evaluate the effect of training programs designed to foster courage and heroism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fostering Heroism in Fourth- and Fifth-Grade Students

Heiner

2018

Journal of Humanistic Psychology

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This study empirically evaluated the potential effect of a training program created by The Hero Construction Company designed to foster heroism in children. The presentation was geared toward encouraging young children to think about taking action when faced with moral dilemmas. The intention of the material is to encourage heroic acts and prosocial behavior. Student participants learn about heroism, and are asked to imagine themselves behaving heroically, and to think about who their heroes are and why. The curriculum asks students to consider their reactions to morally complex situations, and seeks to empower them with the idea that they are “heroes in waiting,” and can stand up to injustices they may witness, such as bullying. Hypotheses were developed to evaluate the potential effect The Hero Construction Company’s presentation has on courage levels in children who participate in the training. The study sought to answer the primary question: Can heroism be learned, remembered, and then utilized over the child’s lifetime? Sixty-two fourth- and fifth-grade students in Michigan attended the Hero Construction Company’s presentation. They were administered the Courage Measure for Children (CM-C) immediately prior to the presentation (Time 1), immediately following (Time 2), and 30 days following (Time 3). The researcher hypothesized that the students’ self-reported levels of courage would increase between prepresentation and postpresentation, and prepresentation and 30 days postpresentation. Results indicated a significant increase in the children’s courage levels for both time points.

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“…This 9-item scale is known as the Moral Courage Scale for Physicians (MCSP), and it is based on previously described relevant dimensions as follows: the predisposition to behave ethically and work toward what is right (known as moral agency); the ability to draw on multiple sets of values in ethical decision making (multiple values); the conviction to do and the tendency to reflect on what is right or just (endurance of threats); and a virtuous motivation to do what is right, as opposed to being motivated by self-interest (moral goals) [ 1 , 3 ]. Four validated scales to measure courage have been previously developed [ 4 ], of which 2—Hannah’s scale [ 5 ] and the Professional Moral Courage (PMC) scale—measure moral courage [ 2 ]; however, neither focus on clinical medicine. Sekerka et al [ 3 ] developed the PMC scale to study moral courage among military personnel who work in morally complex and hierarchical settings where exemplary behavior is critical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations between moral courage scores and social desirability scores among medical residents and fellows in Argentina

Borracci

Ciambrone

Gallesio

2020

J Educ Eval Health Prof

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Purpose: Moral courage refers to the conviction to take action on one’s ethical beliefs despite the risk of adverse consequences. This study aimed to evaluate correlations between social desirability scores and moral courage scores among medical residents and fellows, and to explore gender- and specialty-based differences in moral courage scores.Methods: In April 2018, the Moral Courage Scale for Physicians (MCSP), the Professional Moral Courage (PMC) scale and the Marlowe-Crowne scale to measure social desirability were administered to 87 medical residents from Hospital Alemán in Buenos Aires, Argentina.Results: The Cronbach α coefficients were 0.78, 0.74, and 0.81 for the Marlowe-Crowne, MCSP, and PMC scales, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that moral courage scores were weakly correlated with social desirability scores, while both moral courage scales were strongly correlated with each other. Physicians who were training in a surgical specialty showed lower moral courage scores than nonsurgical specialty trainees, and men from any specialty tended to have lower moral courage scores than women. Specifically, individuals training in surgical specialties ranked lower on assessments of the “multiple values,” “endurance of threats,” and “going beyond compliance” dimensions of the PMC scale. Men tended to rank lower than women on the “multiple values,” “moral goals,” and “endurance of threats” dimensions.Conclusion: There was a poor correlation between 2 validated moral courage scores and social desirability scores among medical residents and fellows in Argentina. Conversely, both moral courage tools showed a close correlation and concordance, suggesting that these scales are reasonably interchangeable.

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The Creation of the Workplace Social Courage Scale (WSCS): An Investigation of Internal Consistency, Psychometric Properties, Validity, and Utility

Cited by 51 publications

References 55 publications

Grit-ability: Which Grit Characteristics Enable Success for Mothers Entering University?

Grit-ability: Which Grit Characteristics Enable Success for Mothers Entering University?

Fostering Heroism in Fourth- and Fifth-Grade Students

Correlations between moral courage scores and social desirability scores among medical residents and fellows in Argentina

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