“…Complementing rodent models, some aquatic vertebrate (e.g., zebrafish, Danio rerio), and invertebrate (e.g., crayfish) models have recently emerged to improve our understanding of emotional-like states under normal and pathological conditions (Fossat, Bacqué-Cazenave, De Deurwaerdère, Cattaert, & Delbecque, 2015;Maximino et al, 2015). Studies focusing on these models reveal some comparative relevance to humans (Fossat et al, 2015;Fossat, Bacqué-Cazenave, De Deurwaerdère, Delbecque, & Cattaert, 2014;Gerlai, 2014;Stewart, Braubach, Spitsbergen, Gerlai, & Kalueff, 2014), with the advantages of having a shorter generational time that potentially enhances the detection of developmental (e.g., drug/toxin) and transgenerational (e.g., genetic and epigenetic) effects (Imeh-Nathaniel, Orfanakos, Wormack, Huber, & Nathaniel, 2019;Lakstygal, de Abreu, & Kalueff, 2018;Scholtz et al, 2003;Spence, Gerlach, Lawrence, & Smith, 2008). Here, we call for a wider use of aquatic organisms, such as zebrafish and crayfish, for modeling stress, anxiety, aggressiveness and social preference deficits.…”