The cranky uncle game—combining humor and gamification to build student resilience against climate misinformation

Cook, John; Ecker, Ullrich K. H.; Trecek-King, Melanie; Schade, Gunnar W.; Jeffers-Tracy, Karen; Fessmann, Jasper; Kim, Sojung Claire; Kinkead, David; Orr, Margaret; Vraga, Emily K.; Roberts, Kurt E.; McDowell, Jay

doi:10.1080/13504622.2022.2085671

Cited by 43 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Lu et al (2022) believed that educational games, compared with other educational methods, can better simulate the decision-making process and help individuals mobilize cognitive abilities in order to produce quick responses [71]. Cook et al (2022) developed a game entitled "Cranky Uncle" to prevent the negative impacts of misleading information related to climate change, demonstrating through case studies that it fosters critical thinking on the discrimination of misinformation [72].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Educational Interventions on Individual Cognition of Garbage Classification Based on EEG Monitoring

Zhao

Ren

Liu

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Improvement in an individuals’ cognition is the key to promote garbage classification. This study takes university students as the research subjects, through three educational interventions, including the self-learning, heuristic learning, and interactive learning ways, to seek the most effective intervention based upon event-related potentials (ERPs) that is beneficial to enhance cognition of garbage classification. The results show that the experimental subjects induced P300 and LPP components, representing attentional changes and cognitive conflicts in classification judgments. There are differences in the amplitudes and peak latency of the two components corresponding to different interventions, indicating that the three educational interventions are able to improve the individual’s cognition level of garbage classification within a certain period of time. The interactive-learning intervention triggers the largest amplitudes of P300 and LPP, as well as the smallest peak latency, indicating its effect is the best. Such results provide insight into the design for an appropriate strategy in garbage classification education. The study also shows that an EEG signal can be used as the endogenous neural indicator to measure the performance of garbage classification under different educational interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Educational Interventions on Individual Cognition of Garbage Classification Based on EEG Monitoring

Zhao

Ren

Liu

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…One such preemptive approach is psychological inoculation-interventions that warn people about upcoming misinformation threats (the forewarning) and, using weakened (micro-)doses of misinformation, teach people the skills required to counter-argue and detect the flawed reasoning that underlies misinformation [15][16][17] . In the past several years, researchers have successfully tested text-based 7,8,18 , gamified [19][20][21] , and video-based inoculation interventions 22,23 . Many inoculation interventions focus on specific issues or misleading narratives 7,8,18 .…”

Section: Psychological Booster Shots Targeting Memory Increase Long-t...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Booster Shots Targeting Memory Increase Long-Term Resistance Against Misinformation

Maertens¹,

Roozenbeek²,

Simons³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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An increasing number of real-world interventions aim to preemptively protect or “inoculate” people against misinformation. Inoculation research has demonstrated positive effects on misinformation resilience when measured immediately after treatment via messages, games, or videos. However, very little is currently known about their long-term effectiveness and the mechanisms by which such treatment effects decay over time. We report five pre-registered longitudinal experiments (Ntotal = 11,759) that investigate the effectiveness of psychological inoculation interventions over time. We find that text-based and video-based inoculation interventions can remain effective for one month (whereas game-based interventions appear to decay more rapidly), and that memory-enhancing “booster interventions” can boost the diminishing effects of counter-misinformation interventions to the original effect size. We conclude that misinformation researchers would benefit from integrating knowledge from the cognitive science of memory to design a new generation of psychological interventions that can counter misinformation durably over time and at-scale.

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“…, for example, created Cranky Uncle (https://www.crankyuncle.com/), a free game (and phone app) that uses cartoons and humour to foster critical thinking and fight misinformation about climate change. For further reading see Cook (2021) and Cook et al (2022). Another example of an active inoculation intervention is Bad News (https://www.getbadnews.com), a browser game in which players strive to become a "fake news tycoon" by learning about six common manipulation techniques, such as trolling and ad hominem attacks.…”

Section: "Prebunking" and Psychological Inoculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Countering Misinformation: Evidence, Knowledge Gaps, and Implications of Current Interventions

Roozenbeek¹,

Suiter²,

Culloty³

2022

Preprint

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Developing effective interventions to counter misinformation is an urgent goal, but it also presents conceptual, empirical, and practical difficulties, compounded by the fact that misinformation research is in its infancy. This paper provides researchers and policymakers with an overview of which individual-level interventions are likely to have an influence on the spread of, susceptibility to, or impact of misinformation. We review the evidence for the effectiveness of four categories of interventions: boosting (psychological inoculation, critical thinking, and media and information literacy); nudging (accuracy primes and social norms nudges); debunking (fact-checking); and automated content labelling. In each area, we assess the empirical evidence, key gaps in knowledge, and practical considerations. We conclude with a series of recommendations for policymakers and tech companies to ensure a comprehensive approach to tackling misinformation.

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The cranky uncle game—combining humor and gamification to build student resilience against climate misinformation

Cited by 43 publications

References 63 publications

Different Educational Interventions on Individual Cognition of Garbage Classification Based on EEG Monitoring

Different Educational Interventions on Individual Cognition of Garbage Classification Based on EEG Monitoring

Psychological Booster Shots Targeting Memory Increase Long-Term Resistance Against Misinformation

Countering Misinformation: Evidence, Knowledge Gaps, and Implications of Current Interventions

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