The COVID-19 pandemic in the African continent

Bwire, Godfrey; Ario, Alex Riolexus; Eyu, Patricia; Ocom, Felix; Wamala, Joseph F.; Kusi, Kwadwo Asamoah; Ndeketa, Latif; Jambo, Kondwani; Wanyenze, Rhoda K.; Talisuna, Ambrose

doi:10.1186/s12916-022-02367-4

Cited by 75 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Countries with better public health infrastructures are resilient to tackle epidemic or pandemic. Few researchers [79][80][81][82][83]. included the HI variable to assess the vaccination coverage.…”

Section: Percentage Of Immunization (Dpt(id) Hepb3(ih) and Measles(im))mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Region: Global vaccine inequity contributed towards disparities in COVID-19 vaccination coverage across different continents [80,[85][86][87]. Especially low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) have access to a disproportionate amount of COVID-19 vaccine doses due to vaccine nationalism and vaccine diplomacy [88,89].…”

Section: Percentage Of Immunization (Dpt(id) Hepb3(ih) and Measles(im))mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Explainable Machine Learning Approaches to Assess the COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake: Social, Political, and Economic Aspects

Ahmed¹,

Green²,

Alauddin³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is considered responsible for the lower rate of acceptance of vaccines in many parts of the world. However, sources of this hesitancy are rooted in many social, political, and economic factors. This paper strives to find the most important variables in predicting the COVID-19 vaccination uptake. We introduce an explainable machine learning (ML) framework to understand the COVID-19 vaccination uptake around the world. To predict vaccination uptake, we have trained a random forest (RF) regression model using a number of sociodemographic and socioeconomic data. The traditional decision tree (DT) regression model is also implemented as the baseline model. We found that the RF model performed better than the DT model since RF is more robust to handle nonlinearity and multi-collinearity. Also, we have presented feature importance based on impurity measure, permutation, and Shapley values to provide the most significant unbiased features. It is found that electrification coverage and Gross Domestic Product are the strongest predictors for higher vaccination uptake, whereas the Fragile state index (FI) contributed to lower vaccination uptake. These findings suggest addressing issues that are found responsible for lower vaccination uptake to combat any future public health crisis.

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Section: Percentage Of Immunization (Dpt(id) Hepb3(ih) and Measles(im))mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Percentage Of Immunization (Dpt(id) Hepb3(ih) and Measles(im))mentioning

confidence: 99%

Explainable Machine Learning Approaches to Assess the COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake: Social, Political, and Economic Aspects

Ahmed¹,

Green²,

Alauddin³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There has been an increased morbidity and mortality rate in Africa due to COVID-19, especially among individuals with comorbidities [14]. In addition, many African countries are burdened by NCDs such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart failure, cancer, and asthma among others [15].…”

Section: Background Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the rise in co-infections and comorbidities, it's more important now than ever to look into the aetiological links between these two types of diseases and invest in horizontal health system approaches and healthcare worker training to manage multiple and chronic conditions [117]. Even though COVID-19related mortality has been low in African countries, it is believed that deaths were underreported [14] [118] [119]. Therefore, the burden of infectious diseases and NCDs shows the need to provide interventions to protect patients who suffer from chronic diseases.…”

Section: Burden Of Communicable and Non-communicable Diseases In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges Affecting African Countries in the Fight against the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Interventional Strategies in Low-and Middle-Income Countries

Mudenda¹,

Mwila²,

Hikaambo³

et al. 2022

AID

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused many global challenges, especially in resource-constrained countries. Africa, a continent with a large number of low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), shares this burden disproportionately compared to developed countries. Here we review some of the major challenges African countries face in the fight against COVID-19 and propose some mitigation measures. Studies have reported low adherence to COVID-19 prevention measures in most African countries. Additionally, there has been a shortage of healthcare workers, inadequate surveillance and diagnostic tools, unavailability of drugs in healthcare facilities, increased wrong beliefs, myths, misinformation and misconceptions about COVID-19 and vaccinations, and an already existing burden of infectious and non-infectious diseases across the African continent. Despite being very challenging to implement across African countries, telehealth is a critical solution to offer healthcare services during disease outbreaks. Many African countries have faced challenges in the fight against COVID-19. The training of healthcare workers (HCWs) must be strengthened to help address the shortage.

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“…The estimation of new COVID-19 cases reported by the region still represented 5% of all cases globally. Bwire et al (2022), argued that the issue becomes more worrisome as all the 54 independent States in Africa, experienced COVID-19 cases at one time or the other. There are also many states in Africa included on the World Bank list of fragile states.…”

Section: Statement Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topic: Securitization of Global Health Pandemic and Reiterating the Relevance of 2005 International Health Regulations: Covid-19 and Human Security in Africa.

Nkang

Bassey

2022

AJERNET

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The Copenhagen school of security changed the long-standing traditional thinking of security that was state-centered. Thus security, from a state-centric view was a Westphalian doctrine that centered on issues of war, interstate rivalry, boundary disputes, foreign policy, arms race, alliance, protection of state and its leaders, etc. The integration of non-military threats like health, disease, poverty, terrorism, environmental degradation, etc. into security discourse was adopted as serious security threats of global proportion. The securitization of health pandemics like COVID-19 was also given a boost by the 2005 International Health Regulation-IHR. The IHR-2005 tends to prevent, protect against, control, detect with surveillance using an early warning system, and provide a public health response to the international spread of disease in ways that are commensurate with and restricted to public health risks, and which avoid unnecessary interference with international traffic and trade restrictions. Yet countries and the African continent were not swift in tracking the COVID-19 unleashed unbearable global suffering in the form of the heavy death toll, unemployment, denial of human rights to movement, assembly, worship, and a decline in the global economy, halting international travel and international economy/business. The paper, therefore, examined the success of the IHR-2005, in terms of African continent compliance with IHR-2005 and the impact of COVID-19 on human security in Africa. The paper is content analysis-based in methodology as data was obtained from mainly secondary sources, such as textbooks, journal publications, internet materials, magazines, etc. the human security theory was explored to buttress the paper. It was discovered that, despite the International and Regional regulations, to track and curb the spread and devastating impact of health pandemic as COVID-19, the African continent still suffered severely, with death tolls, job loss, human and Civil rights abuses, etc. the work, therefore, recommends: equipping the various states, not just financially, but with skilled and trained manpower in areas of health emergencies, ensuring various states implement such regulations with strict monitoring.

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The COVID-19 pandemic in the African continent

Cited by 75 publications

References 105 publications

Explainable Machine Learning Approaches to Assess the COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake: Social, Political, and Economic Aspects

Explainable Machine Learning Approaches to Assess the COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake: Social, Political, and Economic Aspects

Challenges Affecting African Countries in the Fight against the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Interventional Strategies in Low-and Middle-Income Countries

Topic: Securitization of Global Health Pandemic and Reiterating the Relevance of 2005 International Health Regulations: Covid-19 and Human Security in Africa.

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