The COVID-19 pandemic

Ciotti, Marco; Ciccozzi, Massimo; Terrinoni, Alessandro; Jiang, Wen; Wang, Cheng Bin; Bernardini, Sergio

doi:10.1080/10408363.2020.1783198

Cited by 1,134 publications

(817 citation statements)

References 139 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

539

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and its route of viral transmission remain a mystery, but it is believed to have a zoonotic origin, likely in bats (Tang et al, 2020). In late December 2019, several patients in Wuhan, People's Republic of China were diagnosed with severe pneumonia of an unknown aetiology (Koh et al, 2020;Ciotti et al, 2020;Mü nnich et al, 1988;Bogoch et al, 2020). The virus has since spread rapidly around the world, infecting millions and killing hundreds of thousands (https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/ map.html).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal structures of SARS-CoV-2 ADP-ribose phosphatase: from the apo form to ligand complexes

Michalska

Kim

Jedrzejczak

et al. 2020

IUCrJ

106

131

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Among 15 nonstructural proteins (Nsps), the newly emerging Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) encodes a large, multidomain Nsp3. One of its units is the ADP-ribose phosphatase domain (ADRP; also known as the macrodomain, MacroD), which is believed to interfere with the host immune response. Such a function appears to be linked to the ability of the protein to remove ADP-ribose from ADP-ribosylated proteins and RNA, yet the precise role and molecular targets of the enzyme remain unknown. Here, five high-resolution (1.07–2.01 Å) crystal structures corresponding to the apo form of the protein and its complexes with 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES), AMP and ADP-ribose have been determined. The protein is shown to undergo conformational changes to adapt to the ligand in the manner previously observed in close homologues from other viruses. A conserved water molecule is also identified that may participate in hydrolysis. This work builds foundations for future structure-based research on ADRP, including the search for potential antiviral therapeutics.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal structures of SARS-CoV-2 ADP-ribose phosphatase: from the apo form to ligand complexes

Michalska

Kim

Jedrzejczak

et al. 2020

IUCrJ

106

131

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It was also identified that secondary or intermediate hosts in which SARS-CoV-2 lived prior to reaching humans were likely the pangolins [8]. After the sustained human-to-human transmission was identified and the virus was adapted to humans, international outbreaks of COVID-19 were reported in South Korea, Iran, and Italy and the virus then rapidly spread worldwide [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 during pregnancy: an overview of maternal characteristics, clinical symptoms, maternal and neonatal outcomes of 10,996 cases described in 15 countries

Figueiró-Filho

Yudin

Farine

2020

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this review was to identify the most significant studies reporting on COVID-19 during pregnancy and to provide an overview of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women and perinatal outcomes. Eligibility criteria included all reports, reviews; case series with more than 100 individuals and that reported at least three of the following: maternal characteristics, maternal COVID-19 clinical presentation, pregnancy outcomes, maternal outcomes and/or neonatal/perinatal outcomes. We included eight studies that met the inclusion criteria, representing 10,966 cases distributed in 15 countries around the world until July 20, 2020. The results of our review demonstrate that the maternal characteristics, clinical symptoms, maternal and neonatal outcomes almost 11,000 cases of COVID-19 and pregnancy described in 15 different countries are not worse or different from the general population. We suggest that pregnant women are not more affected by the respiratory complications of COVID-19, when compared to the outcomes described in the general population. We also suggest that the important gestational shift Th1-Th2 immune response, known as a potential contributor to the severity in cases of viral infections during pregnancy, are counter-regulated by the enhanced-pregnancy-induced ACE2-Ang-(1–7) axis. Moreover, the relatively small number of reported cases during pregnancy does not allow us to affirm that COVID-19 is more aggressive during pregnancy. Conversely, we also suggest, that down-regulation of ACE2 receptors induced by SARS-CoV-2 cell entry might have been detrimental in subjects with pre-existing ACE2 deficiency associated with pregnancy. This association might explain the worse perinatal outcomes described in the literature.

show abstract

“…COVID-19 has now spread to more than 210 countries across the globe, accounting for more than 0.85 million deaths out of 26 million confirmed cases reported till 2 nd September, 2020, and thus has created huge panic, havoc, and fear among worldwide population. Efforts to develop vaccines, drugs, therapies, immunomodulatory agents and strategies to enhance immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection are continuously being made along with adopting appropriate mitigation strategies to safeguard the health of the humans and save their lives from COVID-19 pandemic [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and the World with Co-Morbidities of Heart Disease, Hypertension and Diabetes

Anand¹,

Sangeetha²,

Fathah³

et al. 2020

J Pure Appl Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Newly emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has now spread across the globe in past few months while affecting 26 million people and leading to more than 0.85 million deaths as on 2nd September, 2020. Severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection increases in COVID-19 patients due to pre-existing health co-morbidities. This mini-review has focused on the three significant co-morbidities viz., heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes, which are posing high health concerns and increased mortality during this ongoing pandemic. The observed co-morbidities have been found to be associated with the increasing risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 critical illness as well as to be associated positively with the worsening of the health condition of COVID-19 suffering individuals resulting in the high risk for mortality. SARS-CoV-2 enters host cell via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors. Regulation of crucial cardiovascular functions and metabolisms like blood pressure and sugar levels are being carried out by ACE2. This might be one of the reasons that contribute to the higher mortality in COVID-19 patients having co-morbidities. Clinical investigations have identified higher levels of creatinine, cardiac troponin I, alanine aminotransferase, NT-proBNP, creatine kinase, D-dimer, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase in patients who have succumbed to death from COVID-19 as compared to recovered individuals. More investigations are required to identify the modes behind increased mortality in COVID-19 patients having co-morbidities of heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes. This will enable us to design and develop suitable therapeutic strategies for reducing the mortality. More attention and critical care need to be paid to such high risk patients suffering from co-morbidities during COVID-19 pandemic.

show abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic

Cited by 1,134 publications

References 139 publications

Crystal structures of SARS-CoV-2 ADP-ribose phosphatase: from the apo form to ligand complexes

Crystal structures of SARS-CoV-2 ADP-ribose phosphatase: from the apo form to ligand complexes

COVID-19 during pregnancy: an overview of maternal characteristics, clinical symptoms, maternal and neonatal outcomes of 10,996 cases described in 15 countries

COVID-19 and the World with Co-Morbidities of Heart Disease, Hypertension and Diabetes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About